Bias and Prejudice Flashcards
a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea
or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, or unfair.
Bias
a repeating or basic misstep in thinking, assessing, recollecting, or other cognitive processes. Leads to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality
Cognitive Bias
a psychological heuristic that describes the propensity to rely on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions.
Anchoring
300
1000 to 300
That’s like free money!
Anchoring Effect
can happen when individuals assess or attempt to discover explanations behind their own and others’ behaviors.
Attribution Bias
Employee running late from work because of traffic but boss thinks it’s because he woke up late.
Attribution Bias
is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one’s beliefs or hypotheses while giving disproportionately less attention to information that contradicts it.
Confirmation Bias
Six Nine Image
Confirmation Bias
involves the social construction of social phenomena by mass media sources, political or social movements, political leaders, and so on. It is an influence over how people organize, perceive, and communicate about reality.
Framing
Frozen Yogurt 20% Fat
Frozen Yogurt 80% Fat Free
Customer chooses Frozen Yogurt 80% Fat Free
Framing Effect
when an observer’s overall impression of a person, organization, brand, or
product influences their feelings about specifics of that entity’s character or properties.
Halo Effect
He has such luxurious fur, I bet he is a really good boy but in truth he is a devil.
Halo Effect
It is the propensity to credit accomplishment to our own capacities and endeavors, yet
attribute failure to outside factors, to dismiss the legitimacy of negative criticism, concentrate on positive qualities and accomplishments.
Self-Serving Bias
is an emotional bias; a preference for the current state of affairs.
Status Quo Bias
I am right; Me too
Self-Serving Bias
Would you like a shovel?
But I’m already using a spoon.
Status Quo Bias
when a person or association has intersecting interests (financial, personal, etc.) which could potentially corrupt.
Conflicts of Interest
giving of money, goods or other forms of recompense to in order to influence the recipient’s behavior.
Bribery
refers to a pattern of favoring members of one’s in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways.
Favoritism
is the tendency to prefer one gender over another. It is a form of unconscious bias, or implicit bias, which occurs when one individual unconsciously attributes certain attitudes and stereotypes to another person or group of people.
Gender Bias
is prejudgment, or forming an opinion before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case. The word is often used to refer to preconceived, usually unfavorable, judgments toward people or a person because of gender, political opinion, social class, age, disability, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, language, nationality, or other personal characteristics.
Prejudice
is the stereotyping and/or discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age.
Ageism
is discrimination on the basis of social class. It includes attitudes that benefit the upper class at the expense of the lower class, or vice versa.
Classism
refers to stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination on the basis of physical attractiveness, or more generally to people whose appearance matches cultural preferences.
Lookism
