BF SKINNER (BEHAVIORAL ANALYSIS)

Question 1

Which term best describes B. F. Skinner?

A)	determinist
B)	psychotherapist

C)	cognitive psychologist

D)	sociologist

Answer 1

determinist

Question 2

Thorndike’s law of effect states that responses to stimuli that are followed by a satisfier tend to be…

Answer 2

stamped in

Question 2

Any aversive condition that when removed from a situation increases the probability that a given behavior will occur is a

Answer 2

negative reinforcer.

Question 2

While in college, Skinner aspired to become a

Answer 2

writer

Question 3

John Watson argued that the goal of psychology is

Answer 3

to study behavior objectively.

Question 3

According to Skinner, internal mental states such as thinking, foresight, and reasoning

Answer 3

exist, but should not be used to explain behavior.

Question 3

Skinner believed that behavioral analysis should

Answer 3

interpret behavior but not explain it.

Question 4

Skinner believed the most crucial aspect of science is

Answer 4

an attitude that values empirical observation.

Question 5

Shaping complex behavior through operant conditioning usually includes which procedure?

Answer 5

successive approximation

Question 6

Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because

Answer 6

the effects of punishment are less predictable.

Question 7

Allyson rubs her knee to reduce pain. This behavior is most likely an example of

Answer 7

negative reinforcement.

Question 8

A bricklayer is paid a given amount of money for every brick laid. This procedure most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 8

fixed-ratio

Question 8

According to Skinner, human personality is partially shaped by

Answer 8

natural selection.

Question 8

Extinction of a response will occur earliest when learning occurs under which schedule of reinforcement?

Answer 8

continuous

Question 8

A slot machine pays off on which schedule?

A)	continuous

	
B)	fixed-ratio

	
C)	fixed-interval

	
D)	variable-interval

E)	none of the above

Answer 8

none of the above

Question 8

Which of these would be the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?

A)	sleep

	
B)	relief from a headache

C)	praise

	
D)	oxygen

Answer 8

praise

Question 9

A unified repertoire of responses is Skinner’s definition of

Answer 9

human personality.

Question 10

Which of these concepts would Skinner see as an explanatory fiction?

A)	drive
	
B)	ego
	
C)	self-realization

D)	all of the above

Answer 10

all of the above

Question 11

Skinner saw creative behavior as resulting from

Answer 11

mutations.

Question 12

According to Skinner, the act of blocking out unpleasant thoughts is an example of

Answer 12

C) negative reinforcement.

Question 13

Which of these would be an example of social control through describing contingencies?

A)	deprivation

B)	advertising	
C)	imprisonment
	
D)	receiving a paycheck

Answer 13

advertising

Question 14

According to Skinner, unhealthy behavior

Answer 14

is a means of coping with excessive social control.

Question 14

In his philosophy of science, Skinner

Answer 14

opposed hypothetical-deductive methods.

Question 15

a doctrine
that avoids all hypothetical constructs, such as ego, traits, drives, needs, hunger, and
so forth.

Answer 15

radical behaviorism

Question 16

Skinner can rightfully be regarded
as a ____ and _______-

Answer 16

determinist (he rejected the notion
of volition or free will) and an environmentalist (held that psychology must not explain behavior
on the basis of the physiological or constitutional components of the organism but
rather on the basis of environmental stimuli)

Question 17

The
second held that responses to stimuli that are followed immediately by an annoyer
tend to be

Answer 17

stamped out

Question 18

science has three main characteristics

Answer 18

science is
cumulative
it is an attitude that values empirical observation
science is a search for order and lawful relationships.

Question 19

A neutral (conditioned) stimulus is paired with—that
is, immediately precedes—an unconditioned stimulus a number of times until it is
capable of bringing about a previously unconditioned response, now called the conditioned response

Answer 19

classical conditioning

Question 20

Although classical conditioning is responsible for some human learning, Skinner
believed that most human behaviors are learned through _______

Answer 20

Operant Conditioning

Question 21

is a procedure in
which the experimenter or the environment first rewards gross ­approximations of the
behavior, then closer approximations, and finally the desired behavior ­itself.

Answer 21

Shaping

Question 22

It strengthens the behavior and it rewards the person. R

Answer 22

Reinforcement

Question 23

Any positive consequence that, when added to a situation,
increases the probability that a given behavior will occur is termed a

Answer 23

Positive Reinforcer

Question 24

Subtracting a negative consequence from a situation also
increases the probability that the preceding behavior will occur

Answer 24

Negative Reinforcement

Question 25

the organism is reinforced for every
response. This type of schedule increases the frequency of a response but is an inefficient use of the reinforcer

Answer 25

continuous schedule

Question 26

Skinner preferred _____________ not only because
they make more efficient use of the reinforcer but because they produce responses
that are more resistant to extinction

Answer 26

intermittent schedules

Question 27

The organism is reinforced intermittently
according to the number of responses it makes.

Answer 27

fixed-ratio schedule

Question 28

The organism is reinforced after every
nth response

Answer 28

variable-ratio schedule

Question 29

The organism is reinforced for the
first response following a designated period of time

Answer 29

fixed-interval schedule,

Question 30

Is one in which the organism is reinforced after the lapse of random or varied periods of time

Answer 30

variable-interval schedule

Question 30

“People do not observe
particular practices in order that the group will be more likely to survive; they observe
them because groups that induced their members to do so survived and transmitted them”

Answer 30

Cultural Evolution

Question 30

Once learned, responses can be lost for at least four reasons

Answer 30

Extinction