ABRAHAM MASLOW (HOLISTIC DYNAMIC THEORY)

Question 1

_ Force in psychology, _ force in personality

Answer 1

3rd, fourth

Question 2

The whole person, not any single part or function is motivated

Answer 2

Holistic Approach to Motivation

Question 3

People’s behavior may spring from several separate motives

Answer 3

Motivation is Usually Complex

Question 4

When one need is satisfied, it ordinarily loses its motivational power and
is then replaced by another need.

Answer 4

people are continually motivated by one need or
another

Question 5

The manner in which people in different cultures obtain food, build shelters,
express friendship, and so forth may vary widely, but the fundamental needs for food,
safety, and friendship are common to the entire species.

Answer 5

all people everywhere are motivated by the same basic
needs

Question 6

Although the most common visual representation of
the hierarchy is a pyramid, it is worth noting that Maslow himself never created or
argued for a pyramid

Answer 6

needs can be arranged on a
hierarchy

Question 7

Maslow’s View of Motivation

Answer 7

Holistic Approach to Motivation
Motivation is Usually Complex
People are Continually Motivated by one need or another
All people everywhere are motivated by the same basic needs
Needs can be arranged on a hierarchy

Question 8

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs concept assumes that

Answer 8

Lower level needs must be satisfied or at least relatively satisfied before higher level needs become motivators.

Question 9

Five needs composing the hierarchy

Answer 9

Conative Needs

Question 10

These needs, which Maslow often referred to as
_______ can be arranged on a hierarchy or staircase, with each ascending step
representing a higher need but one less basic to survival

Answer 10

Basic Needs

Question 11

Lower
level needs have _______ over higher level needs; that is, they must be satisfied or
mostly satisfied before higher level needs become activated

Answer 11

Prepotency

Question 12

Most basic needs

Answer 12

Physiological Needs

Question 13

First, they are the only needs that can be completely satisfied or even overly satisfied.

Answer 13

Physiological Needs

Question 14

Have a recuring nature

Answer 14

Physiological Needs

Question 15

Including physical security, stability, dependency, protection,
and freedom from threatening forces such as war, terrorism, illness, fear, anxiety,
danger, chaos, and natural disasters

Answer 15

Safety Needs

Question 16

Safety needs differ from physiological needs in that they cannot be…

Answer 16

overly satiated, ; people can never be completely protected from meteorites, fires, floods, or the
dangerous acts of others.

Question 17

Children, however, are
more often motivated by safety needs because they live with such threats as darkness,
animals, strangers, and punishments from parents. Also, some adults feel relatively
unsafe because they retain irrational fears from childhood that cause them to act
as if they were afraid of parental punishment.

They spend far more energy than do
healthy people trying to satisfy safety needs, and when they are not successful in their
attempts, they suffer from what Maslow called…

Answer 17

Basic Anxiety

Question 18

After people partially satisfy their physiological and safety needs, they become motivated by…… such as such as the desire for friendship; the wish for
a mate and children; and the need to belong to a family, a club, a neighborhood, or a
nation.

Answer 18

Love and Belongingness

Question 19

3 types of people in love and belongingness.

Answer 19

People who have had their love and belongingness needs adequately satisfied
from early years do not panic when denied love.

A second group of people consists of those who have never experienced love
and belongingness, and, therefore, are incapable of giving love.

A third category includes those people who have received love and belongingness
only in small doses.

Question 20

Include self-respect, confidence, competence, and the knowledge that others hold them in high esteem.

Answer 20

Esteem Needs

Question 21

Desire for strength, for achievement, for adequacy,
for mastery and competence, for confidence in the face of the world, and for independence and freedom

Answer 21

Esteem Needs

Question 22

Include self-fulfillment,the realization of all one’s potential, and a desire to become creative in the full sense of the word (M

Answer 22

Self-actualization needs

Question 23

Are not dependent on the
satisfaction of either love or esteem
needs; they become independent from
the lower level needs that gave them
birth.

Answer 23

Self- actualizing people

Question 24

Are not universal, but at least some people in
every culture seem to be motivated by the need for beauty and aesthetically pleasing
experiences. Desire beautiful and orderly surroundings,
and when these needs are not met, they become sick in the same way that they
become sick when their conative needs are frustrated

Answer 24

Aesthetic Needs

Question 25

Most people have a desire to know, to solve mysteries, to understand, and to be curious.
Maslow (1970) called these desires…

Answer 25

Cognitive Needs

Question 26

People who have not satisfied
their cognitive needs, who have been consistently lied to, have had their curiosity
stifled, or have been denied information, become…

Answer 26

Pathological (skepticism, disillusionment, and cynicism)

Question 27

Needs that lead only to stagnation and pathology. Are unproductive and perpetuate an unhealthy style of life and have no value in the striving for self-actualization.

Answer 27

Neurotic Needs

Question 28

Hypothetical average person has his or
her needs satisfied to approximately these levels:

Answer 28

physiological 85%;
safety, 70%
love and belongingness, 50%
esteem, 40%
self-actualization, 10%

Question 29

Even though needs are generally satisfied in the hierarchical order
occasionally they are reversed.

Answer 29

Reversed Order of Needs

Question 30

Maslow believed that even though all behaviors have a cause, some behaviors are
not motivated.

Answer 30

Unmotivated Behavior

Question 31

It is unmotivated and is often an end in itself and serves no other purpose than to
be. It is frequently unconscious and usually takes place naturally and with little effort.

Answer 31

Expressive Behavior

Question 32

Is always motivated and aimed at satisfying a need. Ordinarily conscious, effortful, learned,
and determined by the external environment. It involves the individual’s attempts to
cope with the environment; to secure food and shelter; to make friends; and to receive
acceptance, appreciation, and prestige from others.

Answer 32

Coping Behavior

Question 33

Lack of satisfaction of any of the basic needs leads to some kind of pathology. Deprivation of physiological needs results in malnutrition, fatigue, loss of energy, obsession.

Answer 33

Deprivation of Needs

Question 34

Deprivation of self-actualization needs also leads to pathology, or more
accurately. The absence of
values, the lack of fulfillment, and the loss of meaning in life

Answer 34

Metapathology

Question 35

Maslow (1970) hypothesizes that some human needs are innately determined even
though they can be modified by learning.

Answer 35

Instinctoid needs

Question 36

What are the criteria for self-actualizing people?

Answer 36

• they were free
  from psychopathology
• self-actualizing people had progressed through the hierarchy of
  needs
• embracing of the B-values
• full use and exploitation
  of talents, capacities, potentialities, etc.

Question 37

Maslow (1971) held that self-actualizing people are motivated by the “eternal verities,”
what he called

Answer 37

B-values

Question 38

Maslow termed
B-values as “metaneeds” to indicate that they are the ultimate level of needs. He distinguished between ordinary need motivation and the motives of self-actualizing people,
which he called

Answer 38

Metamotivation

Question 39

The type of science that lacks emotion, joy, wonder, awe, and raptur

Answer 39

Desacralization

Question 40

The _____measures values and behaviors of
self-actualizing people, such as time competence (how present-oriented is a person)
and support (how self- versus other-oriented is a person). T

Answer 40

Personal Orientation Inventory (POI).

Question 41

Fear of being one’s best

Answer 41

Jonah Complex

Question 42

Which term is best associated with Maslow?

A) client-centered therapy
B) self-actualization
C) personal constructs
D) behaviorism
E) functional autonomy

Answer 42

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

Question 43

During childhood and adolescence, Maslow was

A) shy and socially backwards.
B) pampered by his mother
C) overly combative with his older brothers

D)	more interested in sports than in books.

Answer 43

shy and socially backwards.

Question 44

As a young man, Maslow experienced a fortuitous event that changed his life. This event happened when he

A ) met Alfred Adler.
B) first kissed his cousin Bertha Goodman
C) made the Dean’s honor roll at Cornell.
D) converted from Judaism to Protestantism

Answer 44

first kissed his cousin Bertha Goodman

Question 45

During his early professional career, Maslow was influenced by

Answer 45

E. L. Thorndike.

Question 46

In his theory of motivation, Maslow assumed that

A)	people in different cultures have different basic needs
B)	motivation is nearly always conscious.	
C)	people are motivated by one need at a time.
This is the correct answer.	
D)	people are continually motivated by one need or another	
E)	both a and d are correct.

Answer 46

people are continually motivated by one need or another.

Question 47

Maslow’s concept of hierarchy of needs assumes that

A)	higher needs have prepotency over lower needs.
This is the correct answer.	
B)	lower needs have prepotency over higher needs.		
C)	love needs are more basic than physiological needs.	
D)	cognitive needs must be satisfied before aesthetic needs become motivators.		
E)	aesthetic needs are prepotent over cognitive needs.

Answer 47

lower needs have prepotency over higher needs.

Question 48

When safety needs are not satisfied, a person will be motivated by which needs?

Answer 48

safety

Question 49

Safety needs are usually strongest for

Answer 49

children

Question 50

Maslow said that basic anxiety is experienced when people

Answer 50

fail to satisfy safety needs.

Question 51

A person who has never received love is likely to

Answer 51

devalue it

Question 52

Feelings of self-worth, confidence, and competence were considered by Maslow to be

Answer 52

esteem needs

Question 53

According to Maslow, neurotic needs are activated

A)	only when satisfied.	
B)	only when frustrated.
This is the correct answer.	
C)	whether they are satisfied or not.	
D)	when love and belongingness needs are frustrated.

Answer 53

whether they are satisfied or not.

Question 54

With regard to needs, which of these statements would Maslow endorse?

A) Safety needs must be satisfied more fully than physiological needs.

B)	People are usually conscious of their underlying needs.

C)	The order of needs may be reversed in certain cases.
	
D)	One need must be completely satisfied before another can become a motivator.

E)	If people cannot satisfy their love needs, they can skip to the level of esteem needs.

Answer 54

The order of needs may be reversed in certain cases.

Question 55

According to Maslow,

A)	some behavior is not motivated.	
B)	all behavior has a cause.
This is the correct answer.	
C)	both a and b.

D)	neither a nor b.

Answer 55

some behavior is not motivated.

Question 56

Maslow believed that people who fail to satisfy self-actualization needs

A)	embrace the M-values.
B)	suffer from metapathology.
C)	become neurotic.
D)	embrace the B-values

Answer 56

suffer from metapathology.

Question 57

Instinctoid needs are those that

A)	spring from a modern industrialized society.
B)	result in pathology when frustrated.		
C) are unique to humans.
D)	can be modified by learning.
This is the correct answer.	
E)	all except a.

Answer 57

all except a

Question 58

According to Maslow, metamotivation

A)	is characterized by coping rather than expressive behavior.
B)	is the need for peak experiences.
C)	represents the motives of self-actualizing people.
D)	is associated with D-values
E)	represents the motives of neurotic people.

Answer 58

represents the motives of self-actualizing people.

Question 59

Which of the following was NOT listed by Maslow as a characteristic of self-actualizing people?

A)	social interest
	
B)	autonomy
	
C)	need for privacy
	
D)	acceptance of self, others, and nature

E)	people-centered

Answer 59

people-centered

Question 60

Maslow said that self-actualizing people

A)	feel lonely when they are alone.	
B)	experience anxiety when faced with the unknown.
C)	desire to inform, convert, and instruct others.
D)	experience a more efficient perception of reality.

Answer 60

experience a more efficient perception of reality.

Question 61

Maslow said that B-love is

Answer 61

unmotivated, expressive behavior.

Question 62

Maslow called the fear of being one’s best

Answer 62

Jonah Complex

Question 63

Maslow insisted that scientists should

Answer 63

be willing to resacralize science.