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PLSC 330 > Betula- Birch > Flashcards

Betula- Birch Flashcards

1
Q

Betula

A

Birch

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2
Q

Overview of Birch

A

Attractive trees and shrub-like trees
alternate simple leaves
narrow lenticels on bark
imperfect monoecious inflorescence
birches do not tolerate fall planting or excessive pruning well
prune in spring after leaves are fully expanded to minimize damage

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3
Q

Betula papyrifera

A

Paper birch

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4
Q

Paper birch- characteristics

A

native to sask (provincial tree); found in province close to water and in northern forests
medium sized tree with white bark

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5
Q

Paper birch- leaves

A

leaves coarsely serrate
often doubly serrate
ovate to narrow ovate
long petiole
accuminate leaf tip
acute to rounded at base
alternate attachment

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6
Q

Paper Birch- buds

A

green- brown can be pubescent
ovate acuminate
multiple overlapping scales
branches pubescent when young

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7
Q

Paper Birch- autumn colour

A

The reason they are grown ornamentally

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8
Q

Paper Birch- catkin

A

monoecious
male cone=like catkin formed in autumn
male catkin open in spring
female cone-like structures produced in spring
commonly shed in autumn but can shed over winter or next spring

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9
Q

Paper Birch- fruit

A

small 2 winged, heart shaped nutlets
1 seed/structure
quite small

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10
Q

Paper birch- attachment

A

on older growth, leaves are in 2’s or 3’s on short spurs
female catkins also produced on spurs
male catkins are produced at end of new grotwh
new growth alternate

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11
Q

Spurs

A

A short shoot bearing leaves or flowers and fruits

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12
Q

Paper Birch- bark

A

paper burch bark changes from dark brown (young)
than tan and than white as it ages
peels in wide strips
new bark underneath is white
dark horizontal lenticels common

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13
Q

Lenticel

A

gas exchange from outer atmosphere to the inner tissue

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14
Q

Paper birch- growth

A

basal growth very common
often is an indication there is dead top-growth
happens if you don’t prune correctly- indicator that tree is under stress

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15
Q

Betula pendula

A

European Weeping Birch

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16
Q

European Weeping birch- branches

A

branches are ascending but branchlets are pendulous

17
Q

European Weeping birch- pest

A

Bronze birch borer- larvae stage eats phloem of the bark on the tree, can cause the top of the tree to die or even the whole tree

18
Q

European Weeping Birch- diagnosing

A

exit holes
roughness to the bark; caused by insects burrowing under the bark, with sawdust pushing the dark out, giving it an uneven appearance
accumulation of sawdust
burrows made by insect in the phloem usually don’t burrow into the wood
can see channels if you rip off the bark

19
Q

European Weeping birch- leaves

A

more coarse serration than paper birch
rhombic- ovate acuminate tip
often doubly serrate- going to be more aggressive in its serration

20
Q

Cultivars of European Birch

A

Betula pendula ‘gracilis’ - Classic weeping birch
Betula pendula ‘laciniata’- Cutleaf weeping birch

21
Q

Cutleaf weeping birch

A

was a very common tree in Saskatoon but many have died due to insects.
most popular for ornamentals
bordering along a maple leaf
very susceptible to bronze birch borer

22
Q

Betula pendula ‘youngii’

A

Young’s weeping birch
used in highly intensive landscape like botanical gardens
often grafted onto a paper brich trunk at 1-2 m height.

23
Q

Betula pendula ‘Purple Rain’

A

widely used as an ornamental because of the colour of the foliage

24
Q

Betula fontinalis

A

Water/red/river birch

25
Q

Water/red/river birch

A

grows along edge of river (beaver flats, cranberry flats)
can be large shrub or small tree

26
Q

River birch leaves

A

broadly ovate
serrate/can be doublly serrate
may not have serrations near bottom of leaf
acute tip with a short taper to the tip
rounded to acute at base
often quite glandular on bottom of leaf*

27
Q

River birch autumn colouration

A

yellow

28
Q

River birch bark

A

unique
trunks red/deep red to burgundy
white horizontal lenticels prominent
very showy
ornamental characteristic that it is grown for
look at new growth for IDing
old bark dark brown- looses red

29
Q

River birch- female cone

A

like catkins ready to shed

30
Q

Betula nana

A

Dwarf birch

31
Q

nana

A

of you see this it is liekly a dwarf

32
Q

Dwarf birch- leaves

A

a small shrub
leaves alternate attachment
obovate to circular, coarsely serrated
acute to rounded at base rounded to blunt at tip
2-4 cm length
resionous on bottom of leaf somewhat unique
yellowish orange autumn colouration

32
Q

Dwarf birch- growth

A

new growth quite resinous/glandular -red to brown and covered in white resin glands
old growth brown compared to new growth

33
Q

Dwarf birch- cones

A

female cone- like structures

34
Q

Betula pumila

A

Ground hugging birch

35
Q

Ground hugging birch

A

hardy to zone 2
found in sub arctic, circumpolar areas
newfoundland
dryland aesthetic

PLSC 330 (21 decks)

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