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Beta Lactams Flashcards

1
Q

Women tested for this during pregnancy to prevent transmission?

A

GBS

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2
Q

Used extensively in OB and NICU for Group B Strep prophylaxis and treatment?

A

Ampicillin

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3
Q

Covers Listeria in neonates

A

Ampicillin

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4
Q

Can Ampicillin cover gram -?

A

Some

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5
Q

Can Ampicillin cover enterococcus?

A

Some

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6
Q

Ampicillin used often for ___?

A

endocarditis

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7
Q

Dose adjust Ampicillin for?

A

Renal dysfunction (CrCl < 50)

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8
Q

DI with Ampicillin?

A

Gentamicin (separate doses) and interferes with MTX elimination

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9
Q

Brand name of Ampicillin/Sulbactam?

A

Unasyn

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10
Q

Sulbatam is _____

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor (broadens spectrum)

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11
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam used in tx of?

A

PNA, intra-abdominal infections, endocarditis

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12
Q

Does Ampicillin/Sulbactam cover gram -?

A

Better than Ampicillin alone, but resistance is still high

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13
Q

Brand name of Aztreonam?

A

Azactam

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14
Q

Class of Aztreonam?

A

Monobactam ABX

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15
Q

Utility of Aztreonam?

A

Low cross reactivity with other beta lactams (use in pen or ceph allergic patients)

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16
Q

Anytime you get gram - rods in lungs or blood, need 2 drugs (this is a wingman drug)…

A

Aztreonam

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17
Q

Used in combo with other drugs against gram - infections

A

Aztreonam

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18
Q

Bugs Aztreonam treats

A

ONLY Gram -

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19
Q

Do 1st generation Cephs cross CSF?

A

NO

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20
Q

Used mainly for surgical prophylaxis (IV)?

A

1st Generation Cephs

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21
Q

1st Generation Cephs in MSSA?

A

Yes (Q8)

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22
Q

1st Generation Gram - coverage

A

E. Coli, Proteus, Klebsilla (not first line)

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23
Q

1st generation Ceph?

A

Cefazolin

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24
Q

Brand name of Cefazolin?

A

Ancef

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25
Do 2nd generation Cephs penetrate CSF?
Yes (but not used for meningitis)
26
Do 2nd generation drugs cover Pseudomonas?
NO
27
Two groups within 2nd generation Cephs?
H. flu (PNA), B. fragilis (intra-abdominal)
28
IV 2nd generation Cephs?
Cefuroxime, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin
29
Brand name of Cefuoxime?
Zinacef
30
"Ancef with H. flu coverage"
Cefuroxime
31
Has been known to induce chromosomal beta lactamases
Cefuroxime
32
Use of Cefuroxime?
Surgical Prophylaxis, PNA (usually see 3rd gen instead)
33
Does Cefuroxime penetrate CNS?
Yes (but 3rd generations are used for meningitis)
34
Brother drug to Cefoxitin, but dosing is different...
Cefotetan
35
Brand name of Cefotetan?
Cefotan
36
Use of Cefotetan and Cefoxitin?
Surgical prophylaxis
37
Dose of Cefotetan?
1-2 g q12h
38
AE of Cefotetan and Cefoxitin?
Hypoprothrombinemia and Disulfiram Rxn
39
Dose of Cefoxitin?
1-2 g q6-8h
40
Brand name of Cefoxitin?
Mefoxin
41
Irrelevant 2nd generations
Cefmetazole, Cefonacid
42
Big Daddy Generation of Cephs
3rd
43
Two groups within 3rd generation cephs?
Workhorse, Anti-pseudomonal
44
Do 3rd generation cephs cross CNS?
YES
45
Utility of 3rd generation Cephs
Meningitis, PNA, and sepsis
46
3rd generation cephs?
Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir
47
Brand name of Ceftrixone?
Rocephin
48
Workhorse and Admission Orders Drug
Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
49
Can Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime be used agains Pseudomonas?
NO
50
Use of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime?
PNA, Sepsis, UTI, Meningitis
51
Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime resistance?
Some gram - (SPACE)
52
Does Ceftriaxone or Cefotxaime cross CSF?
Yes
53
Brand name of Cefotaxime?
Claforan
54
Brand name of Ceftazidime?
Fortaz
55
Use of Ceftazidime?
PNA, sepsis, UTI, Meningitis
56
Does Ceftazidime cover Pseudomonas?
Yes
57
Does Ceftazidime cross CNS?
Yes
58
Does Ceftazidime have resistance with gram -?
Some
59
Good for pseudomonas meningitis?
Ceftazidime
60
Ceftizoxime brand name?
Cefizox
61
Ceftizoxime?
Same coverage as other 3rd generation, but no pseudomonas
62
4th generation Cephs coverage?
Broader gram - than 3rd gen and gram + similar to cefazolin/1st gen (stable against Beta Lactamase)
63
Do 4th generation drugs cover Pseudomonas?
Yes
64
4th generation drug?
Cefepime
65
Brand name of Cefepime?
Maxepime
66
Does Cefepime cross CNS?
Yes
67
Are 5th generations active against Pseudomonas or ESBL producers?
No
68
5th generation Ceph?
Ceftaroline
69
Brand name of Ceftaroline?
Teflaro
70
Gorillacillins
Carbapenems
71
Don't use Imipenem-Cilistatin in?
Meningitis, CNS (Increased risk of seizures)
72
Brand name of Imipenem-Cilistatin?
Primaxin
73
Purpose of Cilistatin in Imipenem-Cilistatin?
Blocks renal metabolism, NOT Beta-lactamse inhibitor
74
Can you interchange IM and IV Imipenem?
NO
75
Brand name of Doripenem?
Doribax
76
Does Doripenem cover Pseudomonas?
Yes
77
Brand name of Meropenem?
Merrem
78
Brother of Imipenem?
Meropenem (choose over Imipenem for meningitis or CNS issues)
79
May reduce levels of Valproic Acid?
Meropenem
80
Does Meropenem work against Pseudomonas?
Yes
81
Brand name of Ertapenem?
Invanz
82
Penem that Ertapenem is similar to?
Imipenem
83
Does Ertapenem cover Pseudomonas?
NO
84
Penem with some resistance to Gram -
Ertapenem
85
Class of Nafcillin
Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staph)
86
AE of Nafcillin
Thrombophlebitis (must use PICC line if used long-term)
87
Does Nafcillin cover MRSA?
NO
88
Does Nafcillin penetrate CSF?
Yes
89
Class of Oxacillin?
Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staph)
90
Natural Penicillin
Pen G
91
Penicillin G mainly used for?
syphyllis
92
Pip/Tazo brand name?
Zosyn
93
Pip/Tazo similar to
Antipseudomonal Ceph (Ceftazadime)
94
Does Pip/Tazo cover Pseudomonas?
YES
95
Brand name of Ticarcillin?Clavulanate
Timentin
96
Similar to Zosyn
Ticarcillin/Clavulanate
97
Which antibiotics interact with Warfarin?
ALL OF THEM
98
Which antibiotics can lead to superinfections?
ALL OF THEM
99
Penicillins are most likely to cross react in patients allergic to?
Cephs
100
Generations of Cephs most likely to cross-react?
1st and 2nd
101
If Pen allergic, can you give a ceph?
Probably

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