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Practice > Beta Lactams > Flashcards

Beta Lactams Flashcards

1
Q

Women tested for this during pregnancy to prevent transmission?

A

GBS

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2
Q

Used extensively in OB and NICU for Group B Strep prophylaxis and treatment?

A

Ampicillin

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3
Q

Covers Listeria in neonates

A

Ampicillin

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4
Q

Can Ampicillin cover gram -?

A

Some

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5
Q

Can Ampicillin cover enterococcus?

A

Some

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6
Q

Ampicillin used often for ___?

A

endocarditis

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7
Q

Dose adjust Ampicillin for?

A

Renal dysfunction (CrCl < 50)

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8
Q

DI with Ampicillin?

A

Gentamicin (separate doses) and interferes with MTX elimination

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9
Q

Brand name of Ampicillin/Sulbactam?

A

Unasyn

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10
Q

Sulbatam is _____

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor (broadens spectrum)

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11
Q

Ampicillin/Sulbactam used in tx of?

A

PNA, intra-abdominal infections, endocarditis

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12
Q

Does Ampicillin/Sulbactam cover gram -?

A

Better than Ampicillin alone, but resistance is still high

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13
Q

Brand name of Aztreonam?

A

Azactam

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14
Q

Class of Aztreonam?

A

Monobactam ABX

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15
Q

Utility of Aztreonam?

A

Low cross reactivity with other beta lactams (use in pen or ceph allergic patients)

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16
Q

Anytime you get gram - rods in lungs or blood, need 2 drugs (this is a wingman drug)…

A

Aztreonam

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17
Q

Used in combo with other drugs against gram - infections

A

Aztreonam

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18
Q

Bugs Aztreonam treats

A

ONLY Gram -

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19
Q

Do 1st generation Cephs cross CSF?

A

NO

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20
Q

Used mainly for surgical prophylaxis (IV)?

A

1st Generation Cephs

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21
Q

1st Generation Cephs in MSSA?

A

Yes (Q8)

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22
Q

1st Generation Gram - coverage

A

E. Coli, Proteus, Klebsilla (not first line)

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23
Q

1st generation Ceph?

A

Cefazolin

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24
Q

Brand name of Cefazolin?

A

Ancef

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25
Q

Do 2nd generation Cephs penetrate CSF?

A

Yes (but not used for meningitis)

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26
Q

Do 2nd generation drugs cover Pseudomonas?

A

NO

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27
Q

Two groups within 2nd generation Cephs?

A

H. flu (PNA), B. fragilis (intra-abdominal)

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28
Q

IV 2nd generation Cephs?

A

Cefuroxime, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin

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29
Q

Brand name of Cefuoxime?

A

Zinacef

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30
Q

“Ancef with H. flu coverage”

A

Cefuroxime

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31
Q

Has been known to induce chromosomal beta lactamases

A

Cefuroxime

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32
Q

Use of Cefuroxime?

A

Surgical Prophylaxis, PNA (usually see 3rd gen instead)

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33
Q

Does Cefuroxime penetrate CNS?

A

Yes (but 3rd generations are used for meningitis)

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34
Q

Brother drug to Cefoxitin, but dosing is different…

A

Cefotetan

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35
Q

Brand name of Cefotetan?

A

Cefotan

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36
Q

Use of Cefotetan and Cefoxitin?

A

Surgical prophylaxis

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37
Q

Dose of Cefotetan?

A

1-2 g q12h

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38
Q

AE of Cefotetan and Cefoxitin?

A

Hypoprothrombinemia and Disulfiram Rxn

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39
Q

Dose of Cefoxitin?

A

1-2 g q6-8h

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40
Q

Brand name of Cefoxitin?

A

Mefoxin

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41
Q

Irrelevant 2nd generations

A

Cefmetazole, Cefonacid

42
Q

Big Daddy Generation of Cephs

A

3rd

43
Q

Two groups within 3rd generation cephs?

A

Workhorse, Anti-pseudomonal

44
Q

Do 3rd generation cephs cross CNS?

A

YES

45
Q

Utility of 3rd generation Cephs

A

Meningitis, PNA, and sepsis

46
Q

3rd generation cephs?

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefdinir

47
Q

Brand name of Ceftrixone?

A

Rocephin

48
Q

Workhorse and Admission Orders Drug

A

Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime

49
Q

Can Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime be used agains Pseudomonas?

A

NO

50
Q

Use of Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime?

A

PNA, Sepsis, UTI, Meningitis

51
Q

Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime resistance?

A

Some gram - (SPACE)

52
Q

Does Ceftriaxone or Cefotxaime cross CSF?

A

Yes

53
Q

Brand name of Cefotaxime?

A

Claforan

54
Q

Brand name of Ceftazidime?

A

Fortaz

55
Q

Use of Ceftazidime?

A

PNA, sepsis, UTI, Meningitis

56
Q

Does Ceftazidime cover Pseudomonas?

A

Yes

57
Q

Does Ceftazidime cross CNS?

A

Yes

58
Q

Does Ceftazidime have resistance with gram -?

A

Some

59
Q

Good for pseudomonas meningitis?

A

Ceftazidime

60
Q

Ceftizoxime brand name?

A

Cefizox

61
Q

Ceftizoxime?

A

Same coverage as other 3rd generation, but no pseudomonas

62
Q

4th generation Cephs coverage?

A

Broader gram - than 3rd gen and gram + similar to cefazolin/1st gen (stable against Beta Lactamase)

63
Q

Do 4th generation drugs cover Pseudomonas?

A

Yes

64
Q

4th generation drug?

A

Cefepime

65
Q

Brand name of Cefepime?

A

Maxepime

66
Q

Does Cefepime cross CNS?

A

Yes

67
Q

Are 5th generations active against Pseudomonas or ESBL producers?

A

No

68
Q

5th generation Ceph?

A

Ceftaroline

69
Q

Brand name of Ceftaroline?

A

Teflaro

70
Q

Gorillacillins

A

Carbapenems

71
Q

Don’t use Imipenem-Cilistatin in?

A

Meningitis, CNS (Increased risk of seizures)

72
Q

Brand name of Imipenem-Cilistatin?

A

Primaxin

73
Q

Purpose of Cilistatin in Imipenem-Cilistatin?

A

Blocks renal metabolism, NOT Beta-lactamse inhibitor

74
Q

Can you interchange IM and IV Imipenem?

A

NO

75
Q

Brand name of Doripenem?

A

Doribax

76
Q

Does Doripenem cover Pseudomonas?

A

Yes

77
Q

Brand name of Meropenem?

A

Merrem

78
Q

Brother of Imipenem?

A

Meropenem (choose over Imipenem for meningitis or CNS issues)

79
Q

May reduce levels of Valproic Acid?

A

Meropenem

80
Q

Does Meropenem work against Pseudomonas?

A

Yes

81
Q

Brand name of Ertapenem?

A

Invanz

82
Q

Penem that Ertapenem is similar to?

A

Imipenem

83
Q

Does Ertapenem cover Pseudomonas?

A

NO

84
Q

Penem with some resistance to Gram -

A

Ertapenem

85
Q

Class of Nafcillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staph)

86
Q

AE of Nafcillin

A

Thrombophlebitis (must use PICC line if used long-term)

87
Q

Does Nafcillin cover MRSA?

A

NO

88
Q

Does Nafcillin penetrate CSF?

A

Yes

89
Q

Class of Oxacillin?

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin (anti-staph)

90
Q

Natural Penicillin

A

Pen G

91
Q

Penicillin G mainly used for?

A

syphyllis

92
Q

Pip/Tazo brand name?

A

Zosyn

93
Q

Pip/Tazo similar to

A

Antipseudomonal Ceph (Ceftazadime)

94
Q

Does Pip/Tazo cover Pseudomonas?

A

YES

95
Q

Brand name of Ticarcillin?Clavulanate

A

Timentin

96
Q

Similar to Zosyn

A

Ticarcillin/Clavulanate

97
Q

Which antibiotics interact with Warfarin?

A

ALL OF THEM

98
Q

Which antibiotics can lead to superinfections?

A

ALL OF THEM

99
Q

Penicillins are most likely to cross react in patients allergic to?

A

Cephs

100
Q

Generations of Cephs most likely to cross-react?

A

1st and 2nd

101
Q

If Pen allergic, can you give a ceph?

A

Probably

Practice (5 decks)

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