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Pharmacology > Beta Lactam Summary Table > Flashcards

Beta Lactam Summary Table Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical application:

Streptococcal infections, meningococcal infections, neurosyphilis

A

Penicillin G

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2
Q

Clinical application:

Skin and soft tissue infections, UTI, surgical prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin (1st gen cephalosporin)

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3
Q

Clinical application:

Serious infections such as pneumonia and serpsis

A

Imipenem-cilastatin

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4
Q

Infections caused by aerobic, gram-negative bacteria in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins

A

Aztreonam

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5
Q

Clinical applcations:

Infections caused by gram-positive bacteria including sepsis, endocarditis and meningitis

C difficile colitis (oral formulation)

A

Vancomycin

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6
Q

Clinical application:

Infections caused by gram-positive bacteria including sepsis and endocarditis

A

Daptomycin

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7
Q

HL of penicillin G and dosing interval

A

30min HL
every 4hrs

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8
Q

toxicity of penicillin G

A

immediate hypersensitivity, rash, seizures

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9
Q

toxicity of cefazolin

A

rash, drug fever

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10
Q

HL and dosing interval of cefazolin

A

HL 1.5 given every 8hrs

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11
Q

route of administration of cefazolin

A

IV

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12
Q

Route of administration of penicillin G

A

IV

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13
Q

route of administration of imipenem-cilastatin

A

IV

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14
Q

cilastatin is added to prevent??

A

hyrolysis by renal dehydropeptidase

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15
Q

HL and dosing interval or imipenen-cilastatin

A

HL 1
every 6-8 hrs

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16
Q

toxicity of imipenem-cilastatin

A

seizures especially in renal failure or with high doses

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17
Q

route of administration of aztronam

A

IV

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18
Q

HL and dosing interval of aztreonam

A

HL 1.5
dosing interval 8hrs

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19
Q

route of administration of vancomycin

A

oral

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20
Q

Hl of vancomycin

21
Q

toxicity of vancomycin

A

“red man syndrome”
nephrotoxicity

22
Q

route of administration of daptomycin

23
Q

HL of daptomycin

A

8hrs
once a day

24
Q

inactivated by pulmonary surfactant so cannot be used to treat pneumonia

A

daptomycin

25
Q

toxicity of daptomycin

26
Q

intramuscular and long acting formulations of penicillins

A

benzathine penicillin
procaine penicillin

27
Q

IV penicillins added stability to staphylococcal B-lactamase

A

nafcillin and oxacillin

28
Q

clearance of nafcillin and oxacillin

A

biliary clearance

29
Q

penicillins that has greater activity versus gram-negative bacteria; addition of B-lactamase inhibitors restores activity against many B-lactamses-producing bacteria

A

ampicillin,amoxicillin, piperacillin

30
Q

GLYCOPEPTIDE.
IV, similar to vancomycin except long half life ( 45 - 70h ) permits once-daily dosing

A

teicoplanin

31
Q

GLYCOPEPTIDE
IV, 10days HL, permits once-weekly dosing

A

dalbavancin and oritavancin

32
Q

GLYCOPEPTIDE
IV, once-daily dosing

A

Telavancin

33
Q

MOA

prevents bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to and inhibitng cell wall transpeptidases

A

penicillins
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams

34
Q

MOA

inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ala-D-ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan

A

glycopeptide (vancomycin)

35
Q

MOA

binds to cell membrane, causing depolarization and rapid cell death

A

lipopeptide (daptomycin)

36
Q

effects

rapid bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria

A

penicillin
cephalosporins
carbapenems
monobactams

37
Q

effects

bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria, slower kill than B-lactam antibiotics

A

glycopeptide (vancomycin)

38
Q

bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria - more rapidly bactericidal than vancomycin

A

lipopeptide (daptomycin)

39
Q

IV, similar to imipenem; stable to renal dehydropeptidase, lower incidence of seizure

A

meropenem, doripenem

40
Q

IV, longer HL allows for once-daily dosing, lacks activity versus pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter

41
Q

oral and IV, 2nd gen drug, improved activity vs pneumococcus and haemophilus influenzae

A

cefuroxime

42
Q

IV, 2nd gen drug, activity versus bacteriodes fragilis allows for use in abdominal, pelvic infections

A

cefotaten, cefoxitin

43
Q

IV, third gen drug, good CNS penetration, many uses including pneumonia, meningitis, pyelonephritis and gonorrhea

A

ceftriaxone

44
Q

HL of ceftriaxone (3rd gen)

45
Q

IV, 3rd gen, similar to cefriaxone; renal clearance and HL of 1hr

A

cefotaxime

46
Q

IV, 3rd gen, poor gram-positive activity, good activity versus pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

ceftazidime

47
Q

IV, 4th gen drug, braod activity with improved stability to chromosal B-lactamases

48
Q

active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, broad gram-negative activity not including pseudomanas aeruginosa

A

ceftaroline

49
Q

IV, cephalosporin-B-lactamase inhibitor combination drugs, broad activity with improved stability to chromosomal B-lactamase and some extended spectrum B-lactamases

A

ceftazidine-avibactam
ceftolozane-tazobactam

Pharmacology (15 decks)

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