Benzene Flashcards
is the parent compound of the various aromatic compound. That is also the simplest organic, aromatic hydrocarbon.
Benzene
Benzene is also a major industrial chemical made from
coal and oil.
Who discovered Benzene
Michael Faraday discovered Benzene in illuminating gas in 1825 and was made available in large quantities in 1842 after
Where does the word benzene comes from
derives historically from gum benzoin, sometimes called ‘Benjamin’.
-Gum benzoin was known as an aromatic resin.
Formula of Benzene
C6H6
Composition of Benzene
• Composed of 6 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms.
• Hexagonal ring structure with alternating single and double bonds.
Proposed the ring structure of benzene in 1865.
August Kekulé
Density of Benzene
0.87g cm-3.
Boiling point:
80.5°C
Melting point:
5.5°C
Benzene shows resonance.
It is highly inflammable and burns with a sooty flame.T or F
True
Who developed the concept of Resonance of Benzene
Linus Pauling i
3 Uses of Benzene
Chemical Production:
Solvent
Manufacturing
Health Effect of Benzene
Affects CNS if exposed.
Drowsiness, dizziness,
headaches, as well as eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation, and, at high levels, unconsciousness.
process of benzene
electrophilic substitution
Steps in electrophilic substitution
The electrophile is created.
Carbocation formation in the middle.
A proton is removed from a carbocation.
Common Electrophilic Substitution Reactions
- Nitration of Benzene
- SulfonationofBenzene
- Halogenation of Benzene 4. Alkylation and Acylation
benzene combines with concentrated nitric acid to generate nitrobenzene
Nitration of Benzene
a process of heating benzene with fuming sulphuric acid (H2SO4 +SO3) to produce benzenesulfonic acid.
Sulfonation of Benzene
The hydrogen ion of an arene is replaced with one halogen atom in an electrophilic substitution process.
Halogenation of Benzene
-The Friedel-Crafts process is the common name for this action.
- The production of the acylium ions is the initial step
Alkylation and Acylation
