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Biochem > Alcohol > Flashcards

Alcohol Flashcards

1
Q

an -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom.

A

Alcohol

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2
Q

the simplest alcohol.

A

Methanol, CH3OH

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3
Q

3 classification of alcohol

A

Primary, secondary, tertiary

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4
Q

A compound containing two -OH (hydroxyl) groups

A

Diol

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5
Q

A compound with hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbons.

A

Glycol

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6
Q

The most important physical property of alcohols

A

Polarity

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7
Q

An Explosive and a Drug

A

Nitroglycerin

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8
Q

Discovered nitroglycerin

A

1847, Ascanio Sobrero

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9
Q

Who solved the issue with nitroglycerin by mixing it with diatomaceous earth, creating dynamite.

A

Alfred Nobel

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10
Q

Alcohols have about the same pKa values as water.

A

True

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11
Q

are weak acids and react with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form water- soluble salts

A

Phenols

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12
Q

Elimination of a molecule of water from an alcohol.

A

Dehydration

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13
Q

OH is removed from one carbon and an H is
removed from an adjacent carbon.

A

Dehydration

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14
Q
  • The most difficult to dehydrate
  • Generally require heating in concentrated sulfuric acid at temperature as high
    as 180°C.
A

Primary alcohols

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15
Q
  • ## Undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at somewhat lower temperatures.
A

Secondary alcohols

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16
Q

Generally undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at temperatures only slightly
above room temperature.

A

Tertiary Alcohols

17
Q

Hydration-dehydration reactions are

A

Reversible

18
Q

The reagent most commonly used in the laboratory for the oxidation of a
primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid dissolved in aqueous sulfuric acid.

A

Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

19
Q

a secondary alcohol present in peppermint and other mint oils, is
used in liqueurs, cigarettes, cough drops, perfumery, and nasal inhalers. s.

A

Menthol

20
Q

an atom of oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms.

A

Ethers

21
Q

These are the most common type of ether where the two
alkyl or aryl groups are identical or different

A

Simple Ethers

22
Q

These are formed when two alkyl or aryl groups are bonded to each other through a ring structure.

A

Cyclic Ethers

23
Q
  • These are compounds that contain multiple ether linkages. (Two carbons atoms bonded to an oxygen atom).
A

Polyethers

24
Q

Ethers can react with melophiles
to form new compounds.

A

Substitution reactions

25
Q
  • Ethers can be oxidized to form
    hydroperoxides or epoxides.
A
  1. Oxidation Reactions
26
Q
  • Ethers can be reduced to form alkenes or alkanes.
A

Reduction Reactions

27
Q

SH (Sulfhydryl) groups bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom.

A

Thiols

Biochem (7 decks)

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