Alcohol Flashcards
an -OH (hydroxyl) group bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom.
Alcohol
the simplest alcohol.
Methanol, CH3OH
3 classification of alcohol
Primary, secondary, tertiary
A compound containing two -OH (hydroxyl) groups
Diol
A compound with hydroxyl (-OH) groups on adjacent carbons.
Glycol
The most important physical property of alcohols
Polarity
An Explosive and a Drug
Nitroglycerin
Discovered nitroglycerin
1847, Ascanio Sobrero
Who solved the issue with nitroglycerin by mixing it with diatomaceous earth, creating dynamite.
Alfred Nobel
Alcohols have about the same pKa values as water.
True
are weak acids and react with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form water- soluble salts
Phenols
Elimination of a molecule of water from an alcohol.
Dehydration
OH is removed from one carbon and an H is
removed from an adjacent carbon.
Dehydration
- The most difficult to dehydrate
- Generally require heating in concentrated sulfuric acid at temperature as high
as 180°C.
Primary alcohols
- ## Undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at somewhat lower temperatures.
Secondary alcohols
Generally undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration at temperatures only slightly
above room temperature.
Tertiary Alcohols
Hydration-dehydration reactions are
Reversible
The reagent most commonly used in the laboratory for the oxidation of a
primary alcohol to a carboxylic acid dissolved in aqueous sulfuric acid.
Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7) Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
a secondary alcohol present in peppermint and other mint oils, is
used in liqueurs, cigarettes, cough drops, perfumery, and nasal inhalers. s.
Menthol
an atom of oxygen bonded to two carbon atoms.
Ethers
These are the most common type of ether where the two
alkyl or aryl groups are identical or different
Simple Ethers
These are formed when two alkyl or aryl groups are bonded to each other through a ring structure.
Cyclic Ethers
- These are compounds that contain multiple ether linkages. (Two carbons atoms bonded to an oxygen atom).
Polyethers
Ethers can react with melophiles
to form new compounds.
Substitution reactions
- Ethers can be oxidized to form
hydroperoxides or epoxides.
- Oxidation Reactions
- Ethers can be reduced to form alkenes or alkanes.
Reduction Reactions
SH (Sulfhydryl) groups bonded to a tetrahedral carbon atom.
Thiols
