BENCHMARK FOR 12-13 Flashcards
why are certain chromosomes considered a pair?
similar size similar genes
what do the letter outside the Punnett square symbolize? what about the letters inside
outside show the types of alleles produced by each parent.
The ones inside shows the offsprings potential genotype
what is meiosis?
the # of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
what cells must haaave mutated DNa in Order for it to be passed on its offspring
gametes
what is mRNA tRNA and rRNA
mRNA : messenger
tRNA : brings ingredients
rRNA : chef
what is a codon?
consists of nucleotides that make up an amino acid that is added to the polypeptide
difference between point and frame shift mutations? 1 example of each
point mutation: occur at a single point in the DNA sequence. (substitution, deletion)
frame shift: shifts the reading frame and it changes every amino acid
what determines the properties of proteins?
the different nitrogenous based & exons
how would it explain that a genetically modified bacteria could produce human lactase
they express the gene for lactase
what are x & Y chromosome pairs
they line up meiosis
oil - eating bacteria can be produced by
inducing mutation
genes for antibiotic resistance are commonly used for?
genetic markers
what is gel electrophoresis?
separates DNA fragment
why do some mutations not effect the amino acid sequence of a protein?
substitution or point mutations
