BENCHMARK FOR 12-13 Flashcards

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0
Q

why are certain chromosomes considered a pair?

A

similar size similar genes

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1
Q

what do the letter outside the Punnett square symbolize? what about the letters inside

A

outside show the types of alleles produced by each parent.

The ones inside shows the offsprings potential genotype

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2
Q

what is meiosis?

A

the # of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

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3
Q

what cells must haaave mutated DNa in Order for it to be passed on its offspring

A

gametes

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4
Q

what is mRNA tRNA and rRNA

A

mRNA : messenger
tRNA : brings ingredients
rRNA : chef

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5
Q

what is a codon?

A

consists of nucleotides that make up an amino acid that is added to the polypeptide

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6
Q

difference between point and frame shift mutations? 1 example of each

A

point mutation: occur at a single point in the DNA sequence. (substitution, deletion)
frame shift: shifts the reading frame and it changes every amino acid

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7
Q

what determines the properties of proteins?

A

the different nitrogenous based & exons

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8
Q

how would it explain that a genetically modified bacteria could produce human lactase

A

they express the gene for lactase

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9
Q

what are x & Y chromosome pairs

A

they line up meiosis

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10
Q

oil - eating bacteria can be produced by

A

inducing mutation

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11
Q

genes for antibiotic resistance are commonly used for?

A

genetic markers

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12
Q

what is gel electrophoresis?

A

separates DNA fragment

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13
Q

why do some mutations not effect the amino acid sequence of a protein?

A

substitution or point mutations

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