Beliefs in society Flashcards
togetherness
Durkheim’s perspective on religion
religion is a conservative force promoting social harmony, social integration and social solidarity.
define both
Sacred vs. Profane
sacred - things that are forbidden and inspire powerful feelings
Profane - things with no special meaning or significance
kinship
Totemism
belief of humans being linked to kinship and powerful symbols presented in the world.
E.g. in Aboriginal cultures, totemism represents a clans identity and reinforces solidarity and a sense of belonging
collective consciousness
allows for shared values and moral beliefs to be reinforced in society.
this can be reinforced through collective worship allowing social solidarity and collective conscious to be strengthened
inequality
who would you use to evaluate Gramsci
Marx - religion is used as as a dominant ideology, tool of alienation and social inequality.
alcohol
who would you use to evaluate Bloch
Lenin - religion is described as a ‘spiritual gin’
who would you use to evaluate Maduro
Engels - religion isnt seen as a dual character
a church
who would you use to evaluate Millenarian movement
Pentecostal churches - made individuals pull themselves out of poverty.
equality
who would you use to evaluate feminists
Aldridge - religion view men and women as equal in sacred texts e.g. prophet Mohammed’s wife was in a job position that had similar rank to the prophet.
Liberal protestants (Quakers) - a movement that is committed in gender equality and women leading roles.
starts with a b
who would you use to evaluate functionalists
Bruce
counter hegemony
Gramsci
he believes that religion can create a counter hegemony, which refers to the resistance and opposition to a dominant social, political and economic order, where the working class develop a vision of how society should be organised.
B
who favours Gramsci and what do they believe in?
Billings. He conducted a case study on coal miners and textile workers that were both protestants and working class. it was found that coal miners fought for social change wheras textile workers didnt. this is due to the fact that coal miners had better skills/resources to challenge their employers.
utopia
Bloch
He believes that religion recognises positive influences and creates better visions for the working class through the principle of hope. he believed that religion offered people the idea of a better sort of a society, a glimpse of utopia.
aesthetic <3
Weber
two features of Calvinism that weber considered most influential were ascetism and predestination.
Ascetism - the idea that Christians should live a simple life without luxuries.
Predestination - the idea that it has already been decided who will go to hell and there is nothing you can do about it.
