Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatric dentistry > Behavious Management > Flashcards

Behavious Management Flashcards

1
Q

When do you see children

A

See at age 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How to classify cognitive development in kids

A

0-2y= sensory motor, pre-cooperative, sensation and motor skills
2-7y= preoperational stage, communication with symbols, gestures, work
Centration: focus on one aspect at one time
Egocentrism: assumes other people experience the world exactly the same
Animism: believe inanimate objects have human feelings and intention
7-11y= concrete-operational stage, operational and logical reasoning rather than intuitive thought
11y= formal operational stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Language development in children

A

Tougher to understand before 4
4-5: use adjective
5-6: fluent speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Physical development of children

A

Teach parents OHI

Children can brush teeth when they’re about 7 year old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classification of child temperament

A

Thomas chess birch
Easy (40%): routine, happy, adapts easily
Difficult (10%): irregular, negative, intense, slow to adapt- structured treatment, firm commands, confident dentist
Slow to warm up (15%): inactive, mild, negative mood, slow- longer time to adjust, more happy visits, calm dentist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Classification of parenting styles

A 
Baumrind, maccoby and martin
Authoritative: high control high warmth
Authoritarian: high control, Low warmth
Permissive: high warmth Low control
Uninvolved: Low warmth Low control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how long does attachment last

A

form attachment to primary caregiver: 8 month to 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

verbal domains of behavioural management

A

tell-show-do- describe whats going to happen, demonstrate, carry out
modelling- older siblings, flip charts, videos
distraction- keep talking about something, television

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

non-verbal

A

body language- smile, reassuring touch

desensitization- repeated exposure, increase systematically, oral desensitization eg. electric tooth brush,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

rewards

A

*positive reinforcement- increasing desirable behaviour by providing wanted stimulus, physical rewards and esp verbal rewards, be specific DO NOT bribe cos bribery has to increase in size over time
negative reinforcement- increasing desirable behaviour by removing unwanted stimulus, punishment, scolding, giving contingency escape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

aversive

A

parental exclusion- (for defiant, not for separation anxiety), require parent consent and cooperation
voice control- change in tone and volume, regain control of situation, need warn parents you need to raise your voice
hand over mouth- not really done le, not used as punishment, to establish communication in a child who has lost control but parents dont like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

physical

A

active restrain- by parent or assistant, for precooperative child, knee to knee, emergency (extraction on precooperative child), a bit danger
passive restrain- device and wrap, good for autistic children, under sedation, mouth prop, (require consent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who made up behaviour assessment

A

Frankl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

whats the frankl scores

A

++/4: definitely positive, happy anything
+/3: cooperative, but somethings dont like, need to make a note to say what they dont like
-/2: crying but some form of ytreatment
–/1: extreme cannot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what to do first dental visit

A

history, have plan, dont be ambitious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pharmacological:

A

anxiolysis: minimal sedation
conscious sedation: moderate
deep sedation
general anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

anxiolysis: responsiveness, airway, spon ventilation, cardio

A

everything ok

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

moderate sedation/analgesia/conscious sedation: responsiveness, airway, spon ventilation, cardio

A

purposeful response

no airway intervention

19
Q

deep sedation/analgesia: responsiveness, airway, spon ventilation, cardio

A

purposeful response following repeated or painful stimulation
may required airway intervention, may have inadequate ventilation
usually maintain CV

20
Q

GA: responsiveness, airway, spon ventilation, cardio

A

no response ever, airway intervention, inadequate ventilation, may impair CV

21
Q

drugs

A

midazolam

22
Q

sedation and dose

A

sedation not defined by specific medication or dose but by patient response

23
Q

Whats American Society of Anesthesia levels

A

low risk
I: normal healthy patient
II: patient with mild systemic disease

high risk
abnormal airway, asthma, apnea, obesity, respiratory compromise, aspiration risk, poorly controlled seizures, liver disease
III: severe systemic
IV: severe systemic constant threat to life
V: not expected to survive wo operation
VI: brain dead and organ removal

24
Q

how to classify tonsil size

A 
Brodsky: 
reduces transvere section of airway
0=surgically removed
1= hidden behind tonsil pillar
2= extending to pillar
3= beyond pillar
4= midline
25
Q

classify soft palate

A

mallampati:
vertical dimension, position of tongue and soft palate
I/II/III/IV

26
Q

NPO status

how long to fast

A

solid and non clear liquids 6-8hour
breast milk- 4 hour
clear liquid- 2 hour

27
Q

nitrous oxide

A

sweet smelling, non-irritating colourless gas
flow rate of 5-6L/min
non less than 30% oxygen regarding at all times
advantage: tolerance for longer appt, depress gag reflex, rapid onset and recovery and titratable
disadvantage: lack of potency, patient breathe through nose, nausea and vomitting (tell patient to not drink/eat, dont titrate like crazy), can suppress airway reflex at 50%,
*diffusion hypoxia- more soluble in blood than nitrogen, blood saturated of nitrous oxide, when you stop, nitrous fills up lungs, hypoxia, need to stop nitrous then give 100% O2

28
Q

nitrous oxide contraindications

A

severe COPD
upper respiratory infection
1st trimester pregancy?
bleomycin sulfate treatment (cancer drug affects folate for respiratory replicating cells)
methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (risk of developing abnormal plasma homocystein concentrations)
drug related dependancies, severe otitis media, severe asthma

29
Q

hydroxyzine

A 
gen 1 antihistamine
vistaril: 25mg/5cc
atarax: 10mg/5cc
dose: 2-4mg/kg, 
max 75mg/dose
onset in 30min, duration 3-6 hours, potentiates opioids, babiturates, antiemetic (anti vomiting), sedative, anti-cholinergic
30
Q

midazolam

A

benzodiazapine
dose: oral 0.5mg/kg, nasal: 0.2mg/kg
onset 20min, peak plasma level 30min, half life 1 hour
3-4x more potent than diazepam, anterograde amnesia

31
Q

diazepam

A

0.2-0.5mg/kg
onsent 45min
peak plasma 2hr
duration 6-8 hours (no driving risk of resedation)
half life 20-70hours of active metabolites
give adults to take 1 hour before coming

32
Q

ketamine

A

NMDA receptor antagonist
anesthesia, only in children <8 older then more vivid very hard
oral 6-8mg/kg, IV 0.5-2mg/kg
onset: 20-30min

33
Q

merperidine

A 
weak opioid
dose: oral 1-2mg/kg
CNS/CV/resp depression
onset 30min peak 1-2 hours, 
pulmonary complications, head trauma, seizures, hepatic renal disease
34
Q

max dose of LAs

A

lidocaine:

35
Q

risk of lidocaine toxicity

A

1 in 400000
biphasic effect on CNS and CVS, excitation followed by depression, CNS more sensitive than CVS, lowers seisure threshold

36
Q

malignant hypothermia

A

1:5000, 1:65000
genetic predisposition to hypermetabolic reaction in muscle after introduction of certain volatile gaseous inhalation anesthetics
halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane
tachycardia, tachypnea, skeletal muscle rigidity, sweating, dilated pupils
treatment: supportive, sodium dantrolene

37
Q

whats the difference for pediatric respiration

A

higher respiratory rates
50-20 times/minutes
smaller tidal volume
more airway resistance, larger tongue and epiglottis
significant lymphoid tissue, larger head to body size, mandible less developed
most common adverse events: respiratory arrest/respiratory depression

38
Q

whats naloxone

A

reversal for opiods, IV or sublingual
0.1mg/kg, repeat after 2-3 min to max of 2mg
half life 1-1.5 hours

39
Q

what is flumazenil

A

reverse benzodiazepine
IV 0.02mg/kg over 15 sec, repeat every 5 min to max dose of 1mg total
half life 20-30min

40
Q

whats a precordial stethoscope

A

put at neck and monitors breathing

41
Q

whats a capnography

A

how much CO2 you breathing out, but harder to use cos nasal hood, but more real time, for GA

42
Q

pulse ox

A

sigmoidal oxygen dissociation curve, so interruption to respiration is discovered later

43
Q

when can you discharge the patient

A

vital signs and airway stable
oriented
walk talk and head support
hydrated

Paediatric dentistry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions