Behaviourist Theory Flashcards
Who is considered the founder of behaviorism?
John B. Watson
What is the main focus of behaviorism?
Observable behavior
True or False: Behaviorism emphasizes the importance of internal mental states.
False
What is classical conditioning?
A type of learning where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus
Who conducted the famous Little Albert experiment?
John B. Watson
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through reinforcement or punishment of behaviors
Who developed the concept of operant conditioning?
B.F. Skinner
What is a primary reinforcer?
A stimulus that is naturally rewarding, such as food or water
What is a secondary reinforcer?
A stimulus that becomes rewarding through association with a primary reinforcer
What is shaping in operant conditioning?
Gradually guiding behavior toward a desired goal through reinforcement
What is the law of effect?
Behaviors followed by favorable consequences are more likely to be repeated
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus to increase behavior
What is punishment in operant conditioning?
Introducing an aversive consequence to decrease a behavior
What is extinction in operant conditioning?
When a learned behavior is no longer reinforced and eventually fades away
What is generalization in behaviorism?
The tendency for a response to a stimulus to be elicited by similar stimuli
What is discrimination in behaviorism?
The ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
What is the concept of behavior modification?
The systematic application of learning principles to change behavior
What is a token economy?
A system of reinforcement where individuals earn tokens for desired behaviors that can be exchanged for rewards
What is observational learning?
Learning by observing others’ behaviors and the consequences of those behaviors
Who proposed the social learning theory?
Albert Bandura
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Learning through seeing others being rewarded for a behavior
What is self-efficacy in social learning theory?
Belief in one’s ability to successfully perform a specific behavior
What is reciprocal determinism in social learning theory?
The idea that behavior, personal factors, and environmental influences all interact and influence each other
What is the concept of modeling in social learning theory?
Imitating the behavior of others as a form of learning
What is cognitive behavior therapy?
A form of therapy that combines cognitive and behavioral techniques to change maladaptive behaviors and thoughts
