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Winter 2021, General Psychology > behaviourist approach > Flashcards

behaviourist approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the behaviourist approach studying? What is it not studying and why?

A

observable behaviour

mental processes because cannot be measured.

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2
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

every chosen behaviour is followed by a negative or positive consequence.

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3
Q

What is the difference between a reinforcer and a punisher?

A

Reinforcer - will do it again

Punisher - wont do it again

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4
Q

What is the skinner box? What is the desired behaviour for the rat in this experiment?

A

Skinner box is a controlled environment

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5
Q

Hoe is the rat rewarded or punished for doing, or not, the desired behaviour?

A 
Rewarded = treat
Punished = shock
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6
Q

What is shaping?

A

Reward behaviours that are closer and closer to the desired behaviour.

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7
Q

What are the shaping steps to make the rat press the lever in the Skinner box?

A 
1- close
2- sniff
3- touch 
4- push 
5- steady
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8
Q

Why is it important to withhold rewards at each step when shaping?

A

Stop rewarding so they try something else.

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9
Q

What is positive reinforcement?

A

add something pleasant

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10
Q

What is a positive punisher?

A

add something unpleasant

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11
Q

What is negative reinforcement?

A

remove something unpleasant

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12
Q

What is a negative punisher?

A

remove something pleasant.

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13
Q

What is a primary/secondary punisher/reinforcer? Give an example each.

A

Primary punisher/reinforcer = natural
pain -food/drink
Secondary punisher/reinforcer = taught
bad grade - money

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14
Q

How did Skinner turn pigeons superstitious?

A

reward every 15 seconds no matter what.

pigeons would do the same exact movement repeatedly

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15
Q

What is the difference between continuous and intermitted reinforcement?

A 
Continuous = everytime desired beaviour 
intermitted = some of the time
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16
Q

What is a schedule reinforcement?

A

rules for when should reward be given or not given.

17
Q

What is a fixed-ratio schedule?

A

predictable number of behaviour

18
Q

What is a variable-ration schedule?

A

unpredictable number of behaviour

19
Q

What is a fixed-interval schedule?

A

predictable time

20
Q

What is a variable-interval schedule?

A

unpredictable time

21
Q

What is extinction?

A

rewards not given so stop doing behaviours.

22
Q

What is the downside to continuous reinforcement?

A

extinction is quicker.

23
Q

What is the partial reinforcement effect?

A

expect unrewarded responses, so keep repeating even when no longer rewarded. Lasts longer.

24
Q

Why do intermitted reinforcements work better when they are unpredictable

A

because they will do the behaviour more often without breaks.

Winter 2021, General Psychology (17 decks)

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