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CFIP > Behavioural Analysis > Flashcards

Behavioural Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

When was the FBI behavioural science uni established?

A

1972

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2
Q

NCAVC

A

National centre for the analysis of violent crime

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3
Q

VICAP

A

The violent crime apprehension programme

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4
Q

VICLAS

A

Violent crime linkage analysis system

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5
Q

What is offender profiling?

A

Inferring characteristics of an offender based on their crime scene actions

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6
Q

London (1986)

A
  • series of 24 sexual assaults on females committed over a 4 year period
  • was close to railway stations
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7
Q

Canter

A
  • carried out a systematic analysis of the victim rape statements and locations where the offences had occurred
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8
Q

What was included in the preliminary profile? (Residence)

A
  • lived in the area

- possibly lives with wife or girlfriend

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9
Q

Age?

A
  • mid to late 20’s
  • light hair
  • about 5 ft 9
  • right handed
  • a secretor
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10
Q

Occupation

A
  • probably semi-skilled or skilled job

- job not in contact with public

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11
Q

Character?

A
  • keeps to himself but has one or two close male friends
  • little contact with women
  • has knowledge of railway system
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12
Q

Sexual activity

A
  • considerable sexual experience
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13
Q

Criminal record

A
  • probably under arrest for some time

- possibly for aggressive attack under influence of alcohol

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14
Q

How accurate was professor cantors profile?

A

13/17 points made in the profile were correct

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15
Q

Investigative psychology

A
  • the scientific psychological study of offender actions and detection processes
  • aims to advance the psychological understanding of offending activity, offenders and the investigative process
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16
Q

Weaknesses of early offender profiles?

A
  • no base rates
  • multiple outs
  • included information that could not be falsified
  • provision of vague statements
  • bamum effect
  • reliance on personal judgement rather than actuarial assessment
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17
Q

Barnum effect

A

The Tendency to accept general or vague characteristics and take them to be accurate

18
Q

Evidence for the effect?

A
  • ppt’s constructed meaning from ambiguity
19
Q

Evidence of confirmation bias?

A
  • ppts selected only parts of the profile that were correct
20
Q

Evidence of demand characteristics?

A

Ppts did what they thought the researcher wanted them to

21
Q

Alison, Smith, Eastman and rainbow (2003)

A
  • Analysed 21 UK and American profiles
  • half of the profiles included advice that was unfalsifiable
  • one fifth of statements were vague or open to interpretation
  • in 80% of cases profiler had not given any evidence or justification for their opinion
22
Q

Toulmins framework

A
  • breaks the profile down into component parts to enable the strengths and weaknesses of the claims to be analysed
  • aids the construction of profiles
23
Q

5 parts?

A
  1. Claim
  2. Modality (strength of the claim)
  3. Grounds (support for the claim)
  4. Warrant
  5. Backing (formal support for warrant)
24
Q

BIA

A
  • used to develop advice for the investigators, based on the study of behaviour exhibited in the commission of crime
25
Q

Services?

A
  • interview
  • media advice
  • case linkage analysis
  • predictive profiling
  • investigative suggestions
  • familial DNA prioritisation
  • nominal prioritisation
26
Q

What should their input be viewed as?

A
  • intelligence not evidence

- decision support not decision making

27
Q

Investigative Psychology

A
  • aims to advance the psychological understanding of offending activity, offenders and the investigative process
28
Q

Areas?

A
  1. Understanding and modelling criminal behaviour
  2. Improving the investigative process and detection rates
  3. Improving investigative interviewing
  4. Psychological evaluation of evidential material
  5. Risk/threat assessment and reduction
29
Q

The investigative cycle

A
  • Action - decision making
  • information - types of information, retrieval, evaluation
  • inference: A-C equation, crime linking, geographical profiling
30
Q

Two key questions IP seek to answer

A

1) do offenders show consistency in their behaviour
2) how can we distinguish between offenders ?

A-C equation is a question of both offender consistency and differentiation

31
Q

Offender consistency hypothesis (canter, 1995)

A

Behaviours at a crime scene are more typical of an offender committing a crime than other offenders committing similar crimes

32
Q

Why did IP emerge?

A
  • as a scientific discipline in the early 1990’s following canters psychological input to operation Hart
33
Q

When was offender profiling evaluated?

A

Following the failed investigation into the murder of Rachel nickel

34
Q

Differentiating Offender styles

A
  1. role offender assigns to victim
  2. Action systems
  3. Narrative perspectives
35
Q

Role offender assigns to victim

A
  • victim as object
  • v as person
  • v as vehicle
36
Q

Action systems

A

Source of action in relation to agent
Locus or effect in relation to agent
Mode

37
Q

Narrative perspective

A

Romantic quest
Tragedy
Adventure
Irony

38
Q

Narrative theory of criminal action

A
  • going beyond informed speculation
  • developing theories and models of criminal actions and experiences
  • no assumptions made about unconscious motivations
  • how offender interacts with others
  • role offender assigns to their own life
  • role offender assigns to the victim
  • crime as an interpersonal transaction
39
Q

IP methodology

A
  • focuses on examining offenders actions rather than what they say about them
  • use of police recorded data
  • quantitative modelling of qualitative material
  • co-occurrences of behaviours across crime scenes
  • uses multi dimensional scaling
40
Q

Canter and Heritage (1990)

A
  • Smallest Space Analysis (SSA)

CFIP (17 decks)

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