Behaviorism

Question 1

Assumptions

Answer 1

1. Only study behaviour that can be observed and measured
2. Control and objectivity though lab studies
3. Processes that govern learning are the same in all species (animals can replace humans)

Question 2

Outline Pavlovs research

Answer 2

Learning though association:
Dogs could be conditioned to salivate if bell presented at same time as food
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Shows how a neutral stimulus could elicit a conditioned response

Question 3

Define operant and classical conditioning

Answer 3

Operant: active process whereby behaviour is shaped by consequences

Classical: learning through association

Question 4

What are the 3 types of consequence to behaviour

Answer 4

Positive: receiving a reward
Negative: repeat behaviour more to avoid punishment
Punishment: negative consequence to behaviour

Question 5

What are the 3 A03 points

Answer 5

1. Scientific credibility
2. Real-life application
3. Mechanistic view of behaviour

Question 6

Scientific credibility

Answer 6

1. Brought language and methods of natural science to psychology with lab studies
2. Emphasis on objectivity and replication
3. Have psychology the status of science and credibility

Question 7

Real life application

Answer 7

Principles of conspiring applied to:

1. Token economy in institutions
2. Phobias

Question 8

Mechanistic View in behavior

Answer 8

1. Environmental determinism
2. No control over behaviour
3. Newer approaches such as cognitive and SLT suggest meditational processes

Question 9

Define environmental determinism

Answer 9

1. All behaviour determined by past experiences so is a sum of reinforcement history
2. Ignores any free will
3. Any sense of free will is an illusion