Behavioral Sciences Flashcards
Briefly describe the main contributions of Paul Broca to neuropsychology
correlated pathology with specific brain regions, such as speech production from Broca’s area
What parts of the nervous system are in the central nervous system (CNS)?
brain and spinal cord
What parts of the nervous system are in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
most of the cranial and spinal nerves and sensors
What do afferent neurons do?
afferent (sensory) neurons bring signals from a sensor to the central nervous system
What do efferent neurons do?
efferent (motor) neurons bring signals from the central nervous system to an effector
What functions are accomplished by the somatic nervous system?
responsible for voluntary actions; most notably, moving muscles
What functions are accomplished by the autonomic nervous system?
responsible for involuntary actions, like heart rate, bronchial dilation, dilation of the eyes, exocrine gland function, and peristalsis
What are the effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
promotes a fight-or-flight response, with increased heart rate and bronchial dilation, redistribution of blood to locomotor muscles, dilation of the eyes, and slowing of digestive and urinary functions
What are the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system?
promotes rest-and-digest functions, slowing heart rate and constricting the bronchi, redistributing blood to the gut, promoting exocrine secretions, constricting the pupils, and promoting peristalsis and urinary function
What are the main functions of the hindbrain?
balance, motor coordination, breathing, digestion, general arousal processes (sleeping and walking); “vital functioning”
What are the main functions of the midbrain?
receives sensory and motor information from the rest of the body; reflexes to auditory and visual stimuli
What are the main functions of the forebrain?
complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes; emotion and memory
What structures surround and protect the brain?
from most deep to most superficial, the structures surrounding the brain are the meninges, bone, periosteum, and skin
What is the basic function of the basal ganglia?
smooth movement
What is the basic function of the cerebellum?
coordinated movement
What is the basic function of the cerebral cortex?
complex perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral processes
What is the basic function of the hypothalamus?
hunger and thirst; emotion
What is the basic function of the inferior and superior colliculi?
sensorimotor reflexes
What is the basic function of the limbic system?
emotion and memory
What is the basic function of the medulla oblongata?
vital function (breathing, digestion)
What is the basic function of the reticular formation?
arousal and alertness
What is the basic function of the thalamus?
sensory relay station
What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex?
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
What is the basic function of the frontal lobe?
executive function, impulse control, long-term planning (prefrontal cortex), motor function (primary motor cortex), speech production (Broca’s area)