Behavioral Research Chp1 - Sheet1

Question 1

Scientific Method

Answer 1

In college science courses, researching implies a different kind of systematic approach to exploring a question; embracing all branches of science

Question 2

Method of Tenacity

Answer 2

Most primitive approach & bound by tradition; people cling to claims or beliefs just because they’ve been around for a while

Question 3

Method of Authority

Answer 3

Pierce’s term for the presumption that something is true because someone in a position of authority says so.

Question 4

A Priori Method

Answer 4

People rely primarily on their individual powers of reason & logic to make sense of the world & explain it to others.

Question 5

Empirical

Answer 5

based on observation

Question 6

Empirical Reasoning

Answer 6

A combination of careful logic, organized observation, and measurement that is open to scrutiny by others.

Question 7

Relational Research

Answer 7

also described as correlational; “how things are in relation to other things”

Question 8

Ad Hoc Hypothesis

Answer 8

A conjecture or speculation developed on the spot to explain a result. Explanation made up for results that is plausible but not warranted by the relationship observed.

Question 9

Experimental Research

Answer 9

How things are and how they got to be that way - studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant)

Question 10

Aesthetic Aspect of Science

Answer 10

The beauty of elegance of scientific theories, experiments, or other facets.

Question 11

Behavioral Research

Answer 11

Covers the use of empirical reasoning (careful logic, organized observation) from different methodological vantage points in an effort to understand how and why people act, perceive, feel, and think as they do.

Question 12

Descriptive Research

Answer 12

how things are - research that determines the basic dimensions of a phenomenon, defining what it is, how often it occurs, and so on

Question 13

Methodological Pluralism

Answer 13

Researchers use different methods (tools & designs) because each is limited in some way. Each method represents & reflects a particular perspective on phenomenon of interest and the multifaceted complexity of human nature. Common element sometimes used is active deception.

Question 14

Active Deception

Answer 14

the process of misinforming a research participant about some aspect of a study so that the individual is not aware of the investigator’s intent in the project

Question 15

Rhetoric of Justification

Answer 15

Concepts and terms that young scientists learn to rely on to build arguments leading particular conclusions. Every specialized field has its own.

Question 16

Perceptibility

Answer 16

Another extraempricial factor proposed is frequently called visualization; scientists often use images in the form of analogies to explain the operation of complicated phenomena.

Question 17

Random Sampling

Answer 17

refers to choosing an unbiased sample that is representative of a targeted population, whereas random assignment refers to how participants are allocated by an unbiased procedure to different groups or conditions in a randomized experience.

Question 18

Descriptive

Answer 18

The goal of __________ research is to identify what is happening behaviorally in a situation or set of events.

Question 19

Relational

Answer 19

When one makes coordinated observations in order to identify possible connections between two or more variables, one is conducting __________ research.

Question 20

Experimental

Answer 20

The purpose of __________ research is to identify causal relationships between variables.

Question 21

Behavioral Science

Answer 21

a broad term used to characterize scientific disciplines that study motivation, cognition, and behavior.

Question 22

Scientific Method

Answer 22

According to Peirce, the __________ allows one to draw on independent realities to evaluate claims.

Question 23

Theoretical Ecumenism

Answer 23

The idea that there is often more than one “right way” to view the causes of behavior is known as _________

Question 24

Scientific Method

Answer 24

Empirical reasoning is central to which of Peirce’s methods of “fixing belief”

Question 25

Methodological Pluralism

Answer 25

The use of multiple strategies for investigating phenomena of interest is known as