BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY

Question 1

a type of natural selection that act on a group collectively

Answer 1

group selection

Question 2

behaviors affecting group selection

Answer 2

cooperative hunting
cooperative caring for the young
systems of predatory warning

Question 3

fraction of total allele frequency

Answer 3

allele frequencies

Question 4

change in allele frequency in the gene pool of a population

Answer 4

microevolution

Question 5

intermediate form of a trait is forwarded and extreme forms are selected against

Answer 5

stabilizing selection

Question 6

behavior that benefits other organisms, at a cost to itself

Answer 6

altruism

Question 7

forms of trait at both ends of a range of variation are favored and intermediate forms are selected against

Answer 7

disruptive selection

Question 8

genes associated with altruism are selected if they lead to behavior that promotes the reproductive success of an organism

Answer 8

theory of inclusive fitness

Question 9

individuals hide behind one another

Answer 9

selfish herd

Question 10

a social system in which dominant animals get a greater share of resources and breeding opportunities than subordinates

Answer 10

dominant hierarchy

Question 11

necessary substances required by an organism to survive that are provided by its habitat

Answer 11

resources

Question 12

range of habitat conditions and its specific role

Answer 12

ecological niche

Question 13

general ways by which social groups increase the fitness of populations

Answer 13

care and nurturing of young
protection and defense
obtaining resources

Question 14

disadvantages of living in social groups

Answer 14

more interspecific competition for resources
transmission of diseases

Question 15

animal behavior that involves a signal or stimulus transmitted by one animal and receive by another

Answer 15

communication

Question 16

physical touching

Answer 16

tactile communication

Question 17

specialized chemical signals

Answer 17

pheromones

Question 18

searching for food, critical for survival and is closely associated with animal’s behavior

Answer 18

foraging

Question 19

provide body with raw materials and energy for life’s activities

Answer 19

food

Question 20

individuals in group benefit by working together to gain access to food and other resources

Answer 20

cooperative foraging

Question 21

relative number of males and females composing a population

Answer 21

sex ratio

Question 22

males win over females by

Answer 22

being the most attractice
good providers
impressing with their style

Question 23

males mate with multiple females

Answer 23

polygyny

Question 24

females mate with multiple mates

Answer 24

polyandry

Question 25

material that colors the upper parts of many soils

Answer 25

humus

Question 26

greatest importance since soil types and climates are so closely related

Answer 26

climate

Question 27

the influence is of secondary importance; can be observed in soils that have recently developed from unaltered bedrock which retain moisture and minerals

Answer 27

parent material

Question 28

steep slopes, erosion is usually more vigorous and the soil layer generally thinner

Answer 28

topography

Question 29

development of soil is an exceedingly slow process

Answer 29

time

Question 30

stack of soil horizons

Answer 30

soil profile

Question 31

soils are not uniform in texture and composition from bedrock to surface

Answer 31

soil horizons

Question 32

simple soil profile

Answer 32

top soil
iron and clay minerals
partially altered parent material
unaltered parent material

Question 33

hydrologic cycle; aquatic environment; photosynthesis; transpiration; movement of water depends on the existence of decreasing water potential

Answer 33

water

Question 34

affects all chemical processes

Answer 34

temperature

Question 35

over wintering in a dormant state

Answer 35

hibernation

Question 36

dormancy in summer

Answer 36

aestivation