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ECOLOGY > APPLIED ECOLOGY > Flashcards

APPLIED ECOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

when applied in excess of what is needed, or when it is not needed, the superfluous nutrients join the water table or runoff the land and eventually reach water bodies, causing ________

A

eutrophication

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2
Q

cause disappearance of native species

A

introduction of exotic species

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3
Q

organisms that are alien to a certain environment

A

exotic species

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4
Q

aggressive, can soon dominate the environment because they do not have predators to keep them in check

A

alien species

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5
Q

capable of causing extinctions of native plants and animals, reducing biodiversity, competing with native organisms for limited resources and altering habitats

A

invasive species

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6
Q

complex alterations in the weather and climate systems of the planet earth

A

climate change

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7
Q

how much of the world’s temperature has changed

A

more than 1.6F

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8
Q

known greenhouse gases

A

methane
ammonia
sulfur dioxide
ozone
water vapor

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9
Q

raising the earth’s average surface temperature

A

global warming

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10
Q

two predominant subsystems

A

economic
political

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11
Q

a determinant of how natural resources and impacts on the environment are valued and utilized

A

worldview

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12
Q

scientific knowledge translated into practical purposes

A

technology

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13
Q

distribution of power in a society

A

politics

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14
Q

systems by which goods and services are exchanged

A

economics

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15
Q

worldview that shape , and are shaped by human culture, determine how politics and economics are utilized for the functioning of society and manipulation of nature through technology

A

value systems

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16
Q

humans hunted animals and gathered plant food in the form that nature dispensed it

A

hunting-gathering (paleolithic): first technological stage

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17
Q

consensual decisions is predominant

A

power and leadership

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18
Q

sustaining fertility, commercial agriculture

A

the coming of agriculture

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19
Q

handmaid of industrialization

A

fuel

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20
Q

initial fuel

A

wood

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21
Q

coal, natural gas, peat, petroleum and its derivatives

A

fossil fuels

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22
Q

water from dams

A

hydropower

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23
Q

energy from steam

A

geothermal power

24
Q

results from fission/split of uranium or plutonic atoms

A

nuclear power

25
Q

from wood or other carbonaceous materials

A

biomass

26
Q

methane

A

biogas

27
Q

difference in temperature between the surface water and lower layers of the ocean

A

ocean thermal energy conversion

28
Q

reaction of hydrogen and oxygen releases energy

A

hydrogen

29
Q

wide variety of life on earth

A

biodiversity

30
Q

provision for basic needs

A

utility value

31
Q

knowing that it is there to be used

A

hidden wealth

32
Q

natural, biological evolution, based on species being replaced, extremely gradually, by those who are better adapted to changed environments

A

extinction

33
Q

reasons for extinction

A

loss of habitats
modern agricultural practices
cultivar selection
over-harvesting
introduction of exotic species

34
Q

organisms are killed either directly or through biomagnification as the chemicals go up the food chain

A

chemicals and heavy metals

35
Q

rate of temperature change has been quite rapid and not all flora and fauna will adjust together

A

global warming

36
Q

seven lenses (environmental principles)

A

nature knows best
all forms of life are important
everything is connected to everything else
everything changes
everything must go somewhere
ours is a finite earth
nature of God’s creation is beautiful

37
Q

mimics nature because it involves diversity, involves use of species native to the area

A

organic farming

38
Q

alien to nature, cannot be decomposed by bacteria

A

plastics

39
Q

development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet theirs

A

sustainable development

40
Q

makes up the major portion of earth’s surface (around 75%)

A

water

41
Q

traditional source of most water used for human needs

A

lotic or running water

42
Q

becomes alternatives

A

lentic or freshwater

43
Q

soil, land, water, and air—resources essential for life

A

mineral resources

44
Q

presence of undesirable substances or of certain substances over some threshold level in our life support systems

A

pollution

45
Q

posion to human health even in minute quantities

A

toxic sustances

46
Q

such as pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, fungicides which interfere with natural physiology

A

persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

47
Q

related to cancer; interferes with the conduction of nerve impulses

A

dichloro-dipenyl-trrichloropentane (DDT)

48
Q

synthesized from the combination of organic molecules and chlorine; produced in the incineration of municipal waste

A

dioxins and furans

49
Q

cadmium, lead, mercury, zinc, arsenic, antimony, and selenium

A

heavy metals and other toxics from mining

50
Q

dangerous through long-term exposure; carbon monoxide, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, particulates of elemental carbon and unburned hydrocarbon

A

hazardous substances

51
Q

destroy ecological balance when their quantities exceed a certain threshold level

A

ecologically dangerous substances

52
Q

single large emitter into the environment; means source can be traced back

A

point sources

53
Q

hard or even impossible to trace back because their pollutants are dispersed

A

non-point sources

54
Q

disposed product of a once useful system

A

waste

55
Q

study of how societies use scarce resources in order to produce valuable commodities and distribute them among different groups

A

economics

ECOLOGY (9 decks)

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