Behavior Therapy

Question 1

Focus:

1. ______ behaviors
2. ______ for current behaviors
3. ______ that promotes change
4. rigorous _______ and _______

Answer 1

1. observable
2. determinants
3. learning
4. assessment, evaluation

Question 2

In _______, certain respondent behaviors are elicited from a passive organism.

Answer 2

Classical Conditioning

First described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist
Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex
Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors

Question 3

The experiment with Pavlov’s dogs and the bell is an example of ______.

Answer 3

Classical Conditioning

Question 4

In _______, behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow that

Answer 4

Operant Conditioning

First described by B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist
Involves applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior
Focuses on strengthening or weakening voluntary behaviors

Question 5

Most of our responses in every day life are examples of ______ Conditioning.

Answer 5

Operant

Question 6

Reinforcement and punishment are examples of _______ Conditioning.

Answer 6

Operant

Question 7

What area of development gives prominence to the reciprocal interactions between an individual’s behavior and the environment?

Answer 7

Social-Learning Approach

Question 8

What area of development emphasizes cognitive processes and private events (such as negative self-talk), beliefs, values as mediators of behavior change; what people believe influences how they act and feel?

Answer 8

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Question 9

The key characteristic of a behavior is that it is something can be _______.

Answer 9

operationally-defined

Question 10

Treatment goals are stated in _____, ______ forms.

Answer 10

concrete, objective

Question 11

T/F: Behavior deals with gaining a better perspective on past issues.

Answer 11

False. Focus is on client’s current problems and factors that influence them (not analyzing past issues)

Question 12

In order for change to occur, clients must…

Answer 12

actively participate (not just talk therapy)

Question 13

T/F: Assumes that change can take place without understanding the origin of the psychological problem.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Assessment is ______ and involves observation, self-monitoring, identifying concrete change through interventions, and assessing the treatment process.

Answer 14

ongoing

Question 15

T/F: Interventions are universal for all clients.

Answer 15

False. Interventions are individually tailored for the client and their specific problem.

Question 16

T/F: Focus is only on short-term goals.

Answer 16

False. Both short-term and long-term goals are discussed.

Question 17

T/F The counselor employs advanced counseling techniques to reinforce client’s goals, ideas, and strengths.

Answer 17

False. The counselor employs basic counseling skills, such as: reflection, summary, validation, and encouragement.

Question 18

T/F: The behavioral therapist would assign homework to client.

Answer 18

True.

Question 19

What may the counselor and client do to minimize potential unknown responses?

Answer 19

Role-play

Question 20

T/F: The counselor would give and ask client for feedback throughout the counseling process.

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

T/F: Goals are of central importance, and the client plays an active role in deciding what they will be.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

Goals must be:

Answer 22

• clear
• concrete
• specific (time frame)
• realistic
• measurable
• agreed upon by client and counselor

Question 23

Counselor conducts a Behavioral Assessment Interview to gather information pertaining to the client’s issues, using the ________.

Answer 23

ABC Model

Question 24

What does ABC Model stand for?

Answer 24

A - situational antecedents (what happens to “set off” or cue a behavior)

B - the problem behavior

C - the consequences of the behavior (what follows)

Question 25

T/F: The counselor is active, directive, and acts as a consultant and problem-solver.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

T/F: Use evidence-based strategies to promote behavior change.

Answer 26

True.

Question 27

Counselor teaches concrete skills through:

Answer 27

• instruction
• modeling
• feedback

Question 28

T/F: The client plays a very active role.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

T/F: The client gives and receives continual feedback regarding goals/treatment.

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

What operant conditioning technique is this?

any stimulus (usually considered favorable) that when presented, increases the likelihood of a response

Answer 30

Positive reinforcement

Question 31

What operant conditioning technique is this?

any stimulus (usually considered negative or aversive) that, when removed, increases the likelihood of a response

Answer 31

Negative reinforcement

Question 32

What operant conditioning technique is this?

ceasing of a behavior because it is not reinforced

Answer 32

Extinction

Question 33

What operant conditioning technique is this?

the addition of a noxious or aversive stimulus that leads to a decrease in a specific behavior

Answer 33

Positive punishment

Question 34

What operant conditioning technique is this?

the removal of a pleasant stimulus that leads to a decrease in a specific behavior

Answer 34

Negative punishment

Question 35

What are the 3 steps of Systematic Desensitization?

Answer 35

1. Relaxation exercise
2. Develop a hierarchy (least anxiety provoking to most)
3. Gradually exposed to imagining the situational hierarchy
   
   • pairs relaxed feelings with anxiety-producing image/situation

• Subjective Unite of Discomfort Scale (0-100)
• desensitization is not started until a few sessions in
• homework and follow-up are key to this technique
• very beneficial in treatment of anxiety/phobia

Question 36

_____ exposure involves confrontation with a feared stimulus.

Answer 36

In Vivo

• can be implemented in 2 steps using a hierarchy:
  1) imagination, if client is not ready for live
  2) in vivo (live) - either with the therapist or someone else in the client’s life outside of he therapy session

Question 37

______ is basically using in vivo or imagined exposure for a long period of time.

Answer 37

Exposure Therapy: Flooding

Question 38

In ______, intense, prolonged exposure without any form of anxiety-reducing techniques allows the client to decrease their anxiety on their own.

Answer 38

Exposure Therapy: Flooding

• client must be ready

Question 39

What happens in Exposure Therapy?

Answer 39

The client does experience the feared stimulus, but the feared consequence does not occur.

Question 40

Anger management and Assertion training are types of …?

Answer 40

Social Skills Training

Question 41

In ______, people make decisions concerning specific behaviors they want to control or change.

Answer 41

Self-Management Programs

Question 42

The ______ looks to current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events.

Answer 42

Functional Assessment

Question 43

T/F: Change cannot take place without insight into underlying issues or the origins of the problem.

Answer 43

False.