Behavior Therapy Flashcards
Focus:
- ______ behaviors
- ______ for current behaviors
- ______ that promotes change
- rigorous _______ and _______
- observable
- determinants
- learning
- assessment, evaluation
In _______, certain respondent behaviors are elicited from a passive organism.
Classical Conditioning
First described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist
Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex
Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors
The experiment with Pavlov’s dogs and the bell is an example of ______.
Classical Conditioning
In _______, behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow that
Operant Conditioning
First described by B. F. Skinner, an American psychologist
Involves applying reinforcement or punishment after a behavior
Focuses on strengthening or weakening voluntary behaviors
Most of our responses in every day life are examples of ______ Conditioning.
Operant
Reinforcement and punishment are examples of _______ Conditioning.
Operant
What area of development gives prominence to the reciprocal interactions between an individual’s behavior and the environment?
Social-Learning Approach
What area of development emphasizes cognitive processes and private events (such as negative self-talk), beliefs, values as mediators of behavior change; what people believe influences how they act and feel?
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
The key characteristic of a behavior is that it is something can be _______.
operationally-defined
Treatment goals are stated in _____, ______ forms.
concrete, objective
T/F: Behavior deals with gaining a better perspective on past issues.
False. Focus is on client’s current problems and factors that influence them (not analyzing past issues)
In order for change to occur, clients must…
actively participate (not just talk therapy)
T/F: Assumes that change can take place without understanding the origin of the psychological problem.
True
Assessment is ______ and involves observation, self-monitoring, identifying concrete change through interventions, and assessing the treatment process.
ongoing
T/F: Interventions are universal for all clients.
False. Interventions are individually tailored for the client and their specific problem.
T/F: Focus is only on short-term goals.
False. Both short-term and long-term goals are discussed.
T/F The counselor employs advanced counseling techniques to reinforce client’s goals, ideas, and strengths.
False. The counselor employs basic counseling skills, such as: reflection, summary, validation, and encouragement.
T/F: The behavioral therapist would assign homework to client.
True.
What may the counselor and client do to minimize potential unknown responses?
Role-play
T/F: The counselor would give and ask client for feedback throughout the counseling process.
True.
T/F: Goals are of central importance, and the client plays an active role in deciding what they will be.
True.
Goals must be:
- clear
- concrete
- specific (time frame)
- realistic
- measurable
- agreed upon by client and counselor
Counselor conducts a Behavioral Assessment Interview to gather information pertaining to the client’s issues, using the ________.
ABC Model
What does ABC Model stand for?
A - situational antecedents (what happens to “set off” or cue a behavior)
B - the problem behavior
C - the consequences of the behavior (what follows)
T/F: The counselor is active, directive, and acts as a consultant and problem-solver.
True.
T/F: Use evidence-based strategies to promote behavior change.
True.
Counselor teaches concrete skills through:
- instruction
- modeling
- feedback
T/F: The client plays a very active role.
True.
T/F: The client gives and receives continual feedback regarding goals/treatment.
True.
What operant conditioning technique is this?
any stimulus (usually considered favorable) that when presented, increases the likelihood of a response
Positive reinforcement
What operant conditioning technique is this?
any stimulus (usually considered negative or aversive) that, when removed, increases the likelihood of a response
Negative reinforcement
What operant conditioning technique is this?
ceasing of a behavior because it is not reinforced
Extinction
What operant conditioning technique is this?
the addition of a noxious or aversive stimulus that leads to a decrease in a specific behavior
Positive punishment
What operant conditioning technique is this?
the removal of a pleasant stimulus that leads to a decrease in a specific behavior
Negative punishment
What are the 3 steps of Systematic Desensitization?
- Relaxation exercise
- Develop a hierarchy (least anxiety provoking to most)
- Gradually exposed to imagining the situational hierarchy
- pairs relaxed feelings with anxiety-producing image/situation
- Subjective Unite of Discomfort Scale (0-100)
- desensitization is not started until a few sessions in
- homework and follow-up are key to this technique
- very beneficial in treatment of anxiety/phobia
_____ exposure involves confrontation with a feared stimulus.
In Vivo
- can be implemented in 2 steps using a hierarchy:
1) imagination, if client is not ready for live
2) in vivo (live) - either with the therapist or someone else in the client’s life outside of he therapy session
______ is basically using in vivo or imagined exposure for a long period of time.
Exposure Therapy: Flooding
In ______, intense, prolonged exposure without any form of anxiety-reducing techniques allows the client to decrease their anxiety on their own.
Exposure Therapy: Flooding
- client must be ready
What happens in Exposure Therapy?
The client does experience the feared stimulus, but the feared consequence does not occur.
Anger management and Assertion training are types of …?
Social Skills Training
In ______, people make decisions concerning specific behaviors they want to control or change.
Self-Management Programs
The ______ looks to current environmental events that maintain problem behaviors and help clients produce behavior change by changing environmental events.
Functional Assessment
T/F: Change cannot take place without insight into underlying issues or the origins of the problem.
False.
