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ASC 370 > beef production lec 11 and 12 > Flashcards

beef production lec 11 and 12 Flashcards

1
Q

what is profit

A

revenue - cost

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2
Q

how long does a bull last

A

2-3 years

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3
Q

what are overheads

A
  • electricity, rates

* costs that will continue regardless of production

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4
Q

what are the 4 main costs in production

A

pasture, animal, fixed and loans (rent, depreciation)

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5
Q

what is market compliance

A

 market compliance

• identify most profitable markets

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6
Q

how do you increase profit

A

 want to increase kg/yr and price

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7
Q

what is the biggest driver of profitability

A

 SR biggest drive of profitability

• match SR to feed supply

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8
Q

how does soil moisture limit production

A

• soil moisture
o rainfall
o limits feed supply

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9
Q

what is CoP

A

 Cost of Production
• cost to produce 1 kg
• ideally around $1

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10
Q

what are 7 managements that affect profit

A 
CoP
SR
fertility 
herd structure
production system
nutrition 
genetics
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11
Q

how does SR impact profit

A

 Stocking rate
• many producers understocked (all/some of year)
• individual animal performance
o increase production/ha not /animal

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12
Q

how does herd structure impact profit

A

 Herd Structure
• genetic rate of change with younger herd
• influence on fertility

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13
Q

how does production system impact profit

A

 Production system – time of calving

• autumn calving has a higher SR

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14
Q

how does nutrition management impact profit

A

 Nutrition management

• avoid sup feeding=cost

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15
Q

define SR

A
  • number of livestock on a paddock or a whole farm
  • number of a particular type of animal per unit area.
    o usually (DSE) per hectare (ha) or cattle per unit area
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16
Q

what is the DSE of a weaner

A

approx 6

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17
Q

what is the DSE of a yearling

A

8

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18
Q

what is the DSE of a dry cow

A

7

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19
Q

what is the DSE of a preg cow last 4 months

A

9

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20
Q

what is the DSE of a cow with a 0-3 month old and 4-6 month old calf

A

15 and 17

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21
Q

what is the top producers SR for mid winter

A

12 DSE/ha

22
Q

how much can be produced per 100mm rain

A

top producers 43kg/ha/100mm rain

average can produce 31kg/ha/100mm rain

23
Q

what is RoC

A
  • return on capital
    for how much they have spent how much are you making off it
  • aim 6%
24
Q

what is the target for pregnancy rate

A
  • Target 96% pregnancy

o 90% good

25
Q

what is the target for calving span

A
  • Tight calving span and concentrated pattern (9wks max, with 60% in first 3wks)
26
Q

when should a heifer calve

A

2 years

27
Q

what is the impact of pregnancy rate on calves

A

o lower PR= more late calvers

o high PR= more calves born from first cycle

28
Q

what is the impact of calving date on profit

A
  • calving date
    o lower calving interval = increased weight of calf
    o late cow is consistently late
29
Q

what is the negatives of having an older herd structure

A 
-	Older cows generally: 
o	Poor average growth rates 
o	younger herds are changing in value rapidly- better genetics
o	increased risk of health problems
	higher risk of grass tetany
30
Q

what is the target herd structure

A
  • Target
    o Max 4-6yrs Old cows, cull older
    o Use cull cows as source of income rather than heifers.
31
Q

what are the targets of a production system

A
  • Match pasture growth/quality with animal requirements
  • Peak pasture production = lactation/joining/calf growth

MATCH SUPPLY AND DEMAND

32
Q

what is the affect of the age of the animal at sale

A
  • Affects herd structure and SR
    o Requirements for rapid growth per animal will mean less animals
  • Keeping sale animals to heavier weights, generally is more profitable
    o if utilising available feed
33
Q

how does nutritional management affect profit

A
  • Influences income
    o Sale stock – price discounts for not meeting market specs
    o Replacement stock – heifers not meeting CMW
  • Costs
    o Supplementary feeding only when a profit
    o Set nutrition/animal condition targets
34
Q

how does genetics impact profit

A 
Genetics
-	Sets the production limits. 
-	Buy GOOD BULLS 
o	Use EBV’s 
-	Cross-breeding 
o	Growth + fertility + whole of life gains in breeding herd
35
Q

what are the top producers CoP

A
  • Top 20% of producers
    o relatively low CoP
    o Spend more on fixed costs, pasture improvement, less on supplementary feeding
36
Q

what is the difference between economics of scale and SR

A
  • Economy of scale important BUT increasing stocking rates will spread costs over more production units
37
Q

where can the greatest profit be achieved

A
  • profit when CoP decreases AND productivity increases
    o can’t just chase one
    o increased labour efficiency significant potential to decrease CoP
38
Q

what BCS will cows be in mid winter to achieve optimal SR

A
  • Increase stocking rate until cow condition mid-winter = 2.5
39
Q

what impacts on $/kg

A

buyers and market demand

40
Q

what impacts on the weight at sale

A

age and growth rate

41
Q

what impacts on growth rate

A

health, genetics, pasture growth, pasture utilisation

42
Q

how is pasture utilisation determined

A

SR and pasture energy intake

43
Q

what impacts on SR

A

location, soil fertility
plant species
soil moisture

44
Q

what impacts the number of cattle sold

A

calves weaned and cattle

45
Q

what impacts on calves weaned

A

calves produced, number joined

46
Q

what impacts the number of calves produced

A

fertility of bull and cow, calf survival, dystocia

47
Q

what impacts fertility

A

BCS, BSE, health

48
Q

what are the 2 major impacts on no. of females joined

A

quantity and quality of breeders

no of breeding females

49
Q

what impacts on quantity and quality of breeders

A

culling rate
joining period
age of weaning

50
Q

what impacts on no of breeding females

A

pasture budget
calving date
target markets

ASC 370 (21 decks)

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