Beef Herd Health Flashcards
when do we palpate and what should you feel if they cow is pregnant?
35-60 days
the 4 cardinal signs:
- fetus
- amniotic vesicle
- membrane slip
- cotyledon
what is herd health?
global plan for the herd to maintain the level of herd resistance above the level of pathogen load in order to prevent disease
what reduces herd resistance that we can control?
- poor or unbalanced nutrition
- improper preventative nutrition
- improper management in pastures
- STRESS
what increases pathogen load that we have control of?
- poor biosecurity
- stocking density/location
what are the two requirements of immunization?
proper vaccination and immunocompetent animals
modified live vaccines have a __ pathogen with a __ antigenic mass that provide __ protection and ___ require a booster
weakened, small, longer, don’t always
killed vaccines are pathogens killed by __ that have a __ antigenic mass with adjuvants . The antibodies are made but no__ are infected and the vaccines have __ stability with __ protection than MLV. They __ a booster.
chemical, large, cells, longer, shorter, require
F rules of which vaccines to use
Frequent diseases
Fatal diseases
Financially sound
eFFective vaccine
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Pathogens
Viruses:
- BVDV
- Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
- Bovine Resp Syncytial Virus
- Parainfluenza
Bacteria:
- mannheimia hemolytica
- pasturella multocida
- mycoplasma
- histophilus somni
do modified live or killed vaccines have a stronger antibody titer response?
modified live
briefly outline the timing of vaccines in calves
- branding time + castration at 2-4 months
- booster at pre-weaning or first dose at pre-weaning if only giving 1
intranasal vaccines provide a local response and stimulate the production of __ and __ severity of illness and shedding even in the face of ___
IgM, decreases, maternal antibodies
T/F: intranasal vaccines can contain BVDV
F, they can’t change it enough that they don’t get disease
what’s in the 7 way vaccine?
C. perfringens C and D and B (but B isn’t in the US), C. septicum, C. novyi, C. sordelli
what might be added to a 7 way vaccine to make it 8 or 9?
C. tetani or C. hemolyticum or both
clostridial disease are __ and __ and __
untreatable, fatal and unavoidable
when is the 7 way vaccine typically given and boostered?
given at first branding time (1-4mths) and boostered pre weaning
some vx at 4 days then 5mths but this is ineffective if they forget to booster
do cows in your average cow/calf operation NEED vaccination against respiratory pathogens?
no, if biosecurity is good and respiratory disease is usually an issue in the younger animals
what respiratory viral pathogens also cause reproductive issues?
IBR, BVDV, lepto cause abortion which is why we use 5 way vaccine to prevent abortion in older cattle
the killed 5 way vaccine is for what? how often is it given in comparison to the MLV?
BVD, IBR, BRSV, PI3 and Lepto
killed given 2x a year and MLV given 1x a year
clostridial vaccines are recommended every _ years generally or __ in high risk areas
5, yearly
Scours in beef cattle has a __ vaccine but __ plays a bigger role
killed, management
pinkeye in cattle is caused by __ that is contagious and causing scarring of the ___ leading to __
moraxcella bovis, cornea, corneal ulcers
corneal ulcers cause pain and __ feed intake which ___the average weaning weight
decrease, decreases
deworming isn’t helpful until __ months of age
4
why should you castrate a bovine?
- reduce aggression
- prevent unwanted pregnancy
- improved been product -> more tender, marbled and consistent
when should you dehorn?
when you castrate
why is breeding and calving for fall calves easier?
lack of heat stress, less fescue toxicity and fall is usually drier than spring
weaning causes __ which __ immune function
stress, decreases
what are 4 methods of weaning?
- Taken off the dam when put on the truck
- Fence - line weaning on pasture
- Staged Weaning w/anti sucklers
- Confinement weaning
define a preconditioned calf
calves that have been weaned for a minimum of 45 days, processed and bunk broke –feedlots prefer all of these qualities
to increase profit/return we want to make __ and __ calves. which of these is the largest economic benefit?
MORE and BIGGER
increasing number of calves weaned
why is early calving within the breeding season a good thing? how so we get them to do this?
It means the cow will have more time to recover and begin cycling before the breeding season begins. If they calve early as a heifer or in previous seasons they likely will in following years.
__ and __ are the major affecters of the length of postpartum anestrus
age of cow, BCS of cow at calving
multiparous cows are __ to return to cycling than primiparous cows
faster
multi (50-80d)
primi (90-1200
why does a first time heifer mom take longer to return to cycling?
She’s still growing herself and lactating with less body capacity to consume enough energy on a high forage diet
thinner cows have a __ post partum anestrus
longer
T/F: oxytetracycline works well in respiratory disease
FALSE -> guynn will be so disappointed if you say true
we are not good at finding or preventing BRD in cattle. How do we reduce morbidity and mortality?
using antibiotics on arrival @feedlot on all high risk cattle has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality
