Becoming an Outstanding Student + Critical thinking Flashcards
Who and what year was Maslow’s Hierarchy established?
Abraham Maslow; 1954
What was the title of Maslow’s book in which he expressed his theories in?
Motivation and Personality
When was Maslow’s date of birth and death
Born in April 1, 1908; died in June 8, 1970
Who was Abraham Maslow?
A psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of exemplar people
What are the 5 needs of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Physiological
Safety
Love/Belonging
Esteem
Self-actualization
Refers to the needs for breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion
Physiological
Refers to the needs for security of body, of employment, of resources, of family, of health, and of property
Safety
Refers to the needs for friendship, family, and sexual intimacy
Love/Belonging
Refers to the needs for self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect for others, and respect by others
Esteem
A person’s motivation to reach his/her full potential
Self-actualization
Developing and maintaining a healthy balance between rational thoughts and emotions
Physiologic care
Being able to do what you should and stop doing what you should not
Self discipline
What are the different physiologic needs?
Nutrition
Sleep
Recreation and Exercise
Emotionality
Objectivity
Nutrition
Learning is easier with a sound body, and a sound body can help produce a sound mind
Keep body cells healthy and functioning and only come form one source: what you eat
Nutritional biochemicals
Sleep
Body requires adequate sleep which offers rest to the brain and nervous system. Both sleep and diet are crucial to the learning process
Recreation and Exercise
Important for both body and mind. The mind functions when mental concentration alternates with periods of diversion and exercise
The quality or state of a sound emotional balance
Emotionality
The quality or state of being objective that is the ability to interpret a situation from an unbiased point of view rather than from a subjective point of view
Objectivity
Who listed down the three primal stress
Mcquade and Aikman
The first primal stress; a set of physiological changes initiated by the sympathetic nervous system to mobilize body systems in response to stress
Fight or Flight
The second primal stress; this type of threat does not elicit a fight-or-flight response but rather persuasion, bartering, searching, and producing.
Obtaining food
the third primal stress, is inevitable.
Death
a twentieth century educational psychologist, studied animal and human behavior.
B. F. Skinner (Burrhus Frederic Skinner)
Reward and punishment stimulus in response; the presentation of stimulus following a response that increases the frequency of subsequent responses, whether positive to desirable events or negative to undesirable events
Reinforcement Behavior
Is a response that can or that of another fails to produce the desired or expected results
Stress
Is the tension that results from disagreements between incompatible needs or drive either within you or others
Conflict
Type of conflict on the specific role or assigned to yourself or to other people; (example is that of a middle child whose role is neither the eldest or the youngest and thus experiences an identity crisis or does not know where to belong)
Role assignment
Type of conflict on concerning the person’s work/job description and personality/who he/she is
Identity
Who stated that you must trust the other person when trying to resolve a conflict and you must be open about your objectives, expectations, and needs
Silber and Glim (1981)
what are the seven ways people behave when confronted with conflict or ways on managing and resolving conflict according to Silber and Glim (1981)
- attack
- internalize
- deny
- isolate
- manipulate
- withdraw
- confront
The matter of storing information in memory and retrieving the information when needed
Learning
Learning word by word with little internalization (memorized without understanding)
Rote memorization
Deliberate pursuit of knowledge in a systematic or planned study situation
Intentional memorization
Concentration to one activity to the exclusion of others
Attention
Found that line drawings that were vaguely familiar to observes could be perceived and produced with greater accuracy than unfamiliar patterns
Frederick Bartlett
The greater the amount of similar information stored in your memory, then
the more accurate your perception and recall of something new
ways for improving listening skills
Create an interest in what is being said
Listen without prejudice and with an open mind
Make written notes
While reading the efficient reader ________, _________, and ___________
thinks, anticipates, and evaluate
Ways for improving reading skills
1.Quickly scan through the reading material to familiarize yourself
with the organization and structure of the body of thought
- Develop a clear idea of what you expect to learn
- Search for the main ideas
refers to the continuing storage of information
Long term memory
is the capacity for holding a small amount of
information in mind in an active, readily available state for
a short period of time.
Short term memory
According to Donald and Eleanor Laird, Techniques for Efficient
Remembering:
- Having a mental set for remembering
- Reacting actively
- Refreshing your memory
- Searching for meaning
Survival mechanism that allows you to partially but not entirely forget
pain.
Forgetting
Sign of maturity
Critical thinking
Means freedom from restraint or influence; things that restrain or influence people can be personal, institutional, or environmental
Emancipatory
Learners become aware of the forces that have created the circumstances of their lives and take action to change them
Emancipatory Leaning
What are the characteristics of a critical thinker?
Human
Analytical
Rational
Open-minded
Systematic
Inquisitive
It is the presence of heart as well as mind
Human
Finding evidence in unclear and confusing situations
Analytical
Recognizing the difference between what is true and what you wish is true
Rational
Willing to consider new ideas unprejudiced
Open-minded
Follows procedures
Systematic
Seeking knowledge from many source; inquires, researches, and asks questions
Inquisitive
What are the factors that hinder critical thinking?
- Background beliefs
2, Faulty reasoning - Group Loyalty
- Frozen Mindset
- Emotional Baggage
What is needed to becoming a critical thinker?
- Humility
- Respect for others
- Self-awareness
- Honing your skills
What is the term used to describe thinking based on a universal value system
Critical thinking
