BCN Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order for neural development in the CNS?

A

Ectoderm –>
Neuro Plate –>
Neural fold –>
Neural Tube (Begins in cervical region anterior portion first then posterior) –>
Neural Crest (arise from lateral margin of neural fold)

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2
Q

What does the Prosencephalon become?

A

1a. Telencephalon (outer cortex)
1b. Diencephalon
(both for secondary and mature)

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3
Q

What does the Mesencephalon become?

A

Secondary
2a. Mesencephalon
Mature
2aa. Midbrain

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4
Q

What does the Rhombencephalon become?

A

Secondary
3a. Metencephalon (this goes to cerebellum in mature)
3b. Myelencephalon (this goes to medulla in mature)
Mature
3ab. Cerebellum
3ba. Medulla

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers in the neural tube as cell division occurs?

A

Ventricular layer - cell division occurs (mitosis)
Mantle zone (DNA synthesis)
Marginal layer - farthest from lumen

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6
Q

What are the first cells to migrate away from ventricular zone into the mantle layer?

A

Neuroblasts

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7
Q

What type of cell differentiates into astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and where does this happen?

A

Glioblasts

Happens in the mantle and marginal layers

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8
Q

Where are Epenymal cells generated?

A

In the ventricular layer (line future ventricles)

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9
Q

What is the difference between the Alar and Basal plates?

A

Alar - Sensory (dorsal)

Basal - Motor (ventral)

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10
Q

What is axonal growth and path finding guided by?

A

Molecular signals on cell surface or extra cellular matrix

  • Chemoattractants
  • Chemorepellants
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11
Q

When does myelination of the CNS axons begin?

A

16th week of gestation and continues till 3 years old

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12
Q

What is synaptogenesis?

A

Formation of synapses between neurons and nervous system.

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13
Q

What is Apoptosis and why does it occur?

A

Programmed cell death
Nervous system over develops (too many neurons)
Poorly connected neurons are eliminated (about half of the total)

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14
Q

What are the types of spina bifida?

A

Meningocele - sac contains CSF

Meningomyelocele - contains neural tissue

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15
Q

How can a significant portion of neural tube defects be prevented?

A

Maternal use of folic acid

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16
Q

What is Cerebral palsy?

A

Permanent nonprogressive movement disorder with secondary cognitive deficits and epilepsy

17
Q

What does Fetal Alcohol Syndrome result in?

A

Lower IQ’s

Other neurodevelopmental delays