BCN Ch 22 Flashcards

1
Q

How long does it take to become unconscious with no blood to the brain?

A

20 seconds unconscious

4-5 min irreversible damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much blood does white matter need compared to grey?

A

25-white mL/100

75 grey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much total CBF goes through the brain?

A

750 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How often does the blood turn over in the brain?

A

5-7x/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s the avg CBF?

A

50 mL/100g/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the brain blood flow differ from the rest of the body?

A

It has its own regulation system and little ANS effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does hypoxia/hypercarbia effect the CBF?

A

vasodilation and increases CBF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does hypocarbia effect CBF?

A

Vasoconstriction and decrease CBF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does hyperventilation treatment do to intracranial pressure?

A

decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do veins in the brain differ from in the periphery?

A

No valves
no muscular tissue
(may provide entry way for pathogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Kernicterus?

A

Condition of excessive bilirubin in neonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can disruptions in the astrocyte processes result in?

A

leakage and possible cerebral edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 blood supply routes to the cerebral vasculature?

A

Anterior/carotid system

Posterior/vetebral-basilar system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 sections of the internal carotid artery?

A

Cervical section - Carotid bifurcation to carotid canal
Petrous section - carotid canal of temporal bone
Cavernous section - cavernous sinus from carotid canal entering dura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which artery supplies the retina?

A

Ophthalmic artery - branch of carotid artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where do the hypophysial arteries originate and what does it supply?

A

Originates near pituitary stalk and hypophysial portal system that supplies anterior lobe of pituitary gland

17
Q

Where is on of the most frequent sites for aneurysms at origin?

A

Posterior communicating artery

18
Q

What does the anterior choroidal artery supply?

A

hippocampus, amygdaloid, ventral and entire retrolenicular part of the posterior limb, choroid plexus of inferior horn or lateral ventricle

19
Q

What does segment A-1 of the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

anterior hypothalamus

20
Q

What does the distal A-1 or proximal A-2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery supply?

A

(I don’t know what any of these are)
head of caudate nucleus, anterior pole of the putament, anterior part of globus pallidus, anterior limb of internal capsule as far dorsal as the globus pallidus

21
Q

Which artery wraps around the corpus callosum?

A

Pericallosal artery trunk - part of the anterior cerebral artery

22
Q

What happens if there is a CVA in the anterior cerebral artery?

A

sensoriomotor deficits of the opposite leg and foot
urinary incontincence
contralateral frontal lobe signs

23
Q

What is the most frequently occluded cerebral artery?

A

Middle cerebral artery

24
Q

Where is the most common area of spontaneous hemorrhage for patients with long standing hypertension?

A

M-1 segement of MCA

lenticulostriate vessels

25
Q

What do MCA CVA’s result in

A

sensoriomotor deficits in contralateral face and upper extremity
If in dominate hemisphere is involved global aphasia
if non-dominatne hemisphere neglect syndrome

26
Q

Where do the veterbral arteries originate?

A

Subclavian artery and travel up the transverse foramina

27
Q

Where does the posterior spinal artery originate?

A

just after passing through the foramen magnum

28
Q

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

A

Posteriorlateral aspect ofthe caudal medulla and spinal cord

29
Q

What does the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries supply?

A

posterior lateral medulla,
choroid plexus of fourth ventricle
posterior and inferior parts of the cerebellum

30
Q

What do CVAs in the veterebral artery result in?

A

ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature in face
contralateral loss of pain and temp in limbs, neck and trunk
ipsilateral horners syndrome
hoarseness; dysphagia; nystagmus; vertigo; diplopia; ipsilateral ataxia; ipsialateral loss of taste

31
Q

What do the Pontine arteries supply?

A

pons

32
Q

What do the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

hippocampus; medial and inferior temporal and occipital lobes

33
Q

Where might you see watershed areas of redundant CBF?

A

Between ACA and MCA

34
Q

What does the anterior spinal artery supply?

A

anterior and lateral spinal cord

35
Q

What does a CVA in the anterior spinal artery result in?

A

total motor paralysis and sensory dissociation below level of lesion

36
Q

What does the posterior spinal artery supply?

A
dorsal columns 
(gracile and cuneate tracts)
37
Q

What are the two types of CVA?

A

Ischemic (occlusion of vessel)

Hemorrhagic (rupture of vessel)

38
Q

Which type of CVA is more dangerous?

A

Hemorrhagic