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DNA and Proteins > BB 5 - Proteins > Flashcards

BB 5 - Proteins Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is formed after translation?

A

A polypeptide

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2
Q

When is a polypeptide formed?

A

After translation

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3
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A molecule made up of amino acids which are chemically bonded together with peptide bonds.

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4
Q

What must polypeptides do to create functioning proteins?

A

The polypeptide must form into a protein with a specific shape

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5
Q

What do secondary interactions between amino acids in the polypeptide determine?

A

The three-dimensional shape of the protein.

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6
Q

How is the three-dimensional shape of the protein formed?

A

Secondary interactions between amino acids in the polypeptide.

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7
Q

What does the amino acid sequence determine?

A

Protein shape, particularly primary structure

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8
Q

How is the protein shape determined?

A

By the amino acid sequence

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9
Q

What do secondary interactions between amino acids (hydrogen bonds) produce?

A

Secondary structures, which include alpha helices and beta sheets.

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10
Q

What do interactions between alpha helices and beta sheets produce?

A

Tertiary structure, which is a three-dimensional shape.

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11
Q

What does a group of polypeptides form?

A

Quaternary structure

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12
Q

Name an example of a protein with quaternary structure

A

Haemoglobin

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13
Q

What does the function of most proteins rely on?

A

Molecular recognition, where proteins must be folded correctly so that they are able to recognise and bind to other proteins.

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14
Q

What may mutations cause in amino acids?

A

Changes in amino acid sequence, which may cause the protein to be misfolded and not function properly or at all.

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15
Q

What may be the cause for changes in amino acid sequence?

A

Mutations in amino acids

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16
Q

How many main functions may proteins be involved in?

A

7

17
Q

Names the seven main functions of proteins

A 
Structure
Metabolism
Movement
Transport
Defence
Homeostasis and Communication
Storage
18
Q

Name examples of proteins used in structure

A

Hair
Nails
Ligaments

19
Q

Name an example of proteins used in metabolism

A

Enzymes

20
Q

Name an example of proteins used in movement

A

Muscle fibre contraction

21
Q

Name examples of proteins used in transport

A

haemoglobin carries oxygen

Membrane transport proteins

22
Q

Name an example of proteins used in defence

A

Antibodies

23
Q

Name examples of proteins used in homeostasis and communication

A

Hormones
Insulin
Receptor Proteins

24
Q

Name an example of proteins used in storage?

A

Albumin

25
Q

What are the functional proteins?

A

Enzymes
Antibodies
Regulatory proteins
Receptor proteins

DNA and Proteins (7 decks)

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