BB 5 - Proteins Flashcards
What is formed after translation?
A polypeptide
When is a polypeptide formed?
After translation
What is a polypeptide?
A molecule made up of amino acids which are chemically bonded together with peptide bonds.
What must polypeptides do to create functioning proteins?
The polypeptide must form into a protein with a specific shape
What do secondary interactions between amino acids in the polypeptide determine?
The three-dimensional shape of the protein.
How is the three-dimensional shape of the protein formed?
Secondary interactions between amino acids in the polypeptide.
What does the amino acid sequence determine?
Protein shape, particularly primary structure
How is the protein shape determined?
By the amino acid sequence
What do secondary interactions between amino acids (hydrogen bonds) produce?
Secondary structures, which include alpha helices and beta sheets.
What do interactions between alpha helices and beta sheets produce?
Tertiary structure, which is a three-dimensional shape.
What does a group of polypeptides form?
Quaternary structure
Name an example of a protein with quaternary structure
Haemoglobin
What does the function of most proteins rely on?
Molecular recognition, where proteins must be folded correctly so that they are able to recognise and bind to other proteins.
What may mutations cause in amino acids?
Changes in amino acid sequence, which may cause the protein to be misfolded and not function properly or at all.
What may be the cause for changes in amino acid sequence?
Mutations in amino acids
How many main functions may proteins be involved in?
7
Names the seven main functions of proteins
Structure Metabolism Movement Transport Defence Homeostasis and Communication Storage
Name examples of proteins used in structure
Hair
Nails
Ligaments
Name an example of proteins used in metabolism
Enzymes
Name an example of proteins used in movement
Muscle fibre contraction
Name examples of proteins used in transport
haemoglobin carries oxygen
Membrane transport proteins
Name an example of proteins used in defence
Antibodies
Name examples of proteins used in homeostasis and communication
Hormones
Insulin
Receptor Proteins
Name an example of proteins used in storage?
Albumin
