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DNA and Proteins > BB 3 - Transcription and Splicing > Flashcards

BB 3 - Transcription and Splicing Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that codes for an RNA molecule, protein, or polypeptide.

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2
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Highly specific globular proteins that are biological catalysts produced by living things.

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3
Q

How many genes and chromosomes do humans contain?

A

25,000 genes

23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

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4
Q

Where are genes located?

A

At specific sites (loci) on the DNA

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5
Q

How can chromosomes be identified?

A

By their pattern of genes

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6
Q

What sequences does DNA contain?

A

Coding sequences and non-coding sequences

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7
Q

What is the name of coding DNA?

A

Exons

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8
Q

What is the name of non-coding DNA?

A

Introns

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9
Q

What are exons?

A

Coding DNA

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10
Q

What are introns?

A

Non-coding DNA

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11
Q

What do genes have both of?

A

Exons (coding DNA) and introns (non-coding DNA)

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12
Q

What are the general three steps for a gene to form into a protein?

A

Step 1: Transcription (whole gene is copied)
Step 2: Splicing (introns removed) and mRNA exported to cytoplasm
Step 3: Translation (polypeptide produced)

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13
Q

Where does transcription occur?

A

In the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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14
Q

What single strand is copied?

A

The template strand

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15
Q

What RNA is produced after transcription?

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA), which takes a copy of the gene code to the cytoplasm.

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16
Q

Step 1 of transcription

A

DNA is separated at a specific gene

17
Q

Step 2 of transcription

A

RNA polymerase uses free RNA nucleotides to synthesise an RNA copy of the specific gene

18
Q

Step 3 of transcription

A

The whole gene is copied, including non-coding introns

19
Q

Step 4 of transcription

A

After copying the DNA is joined back together.

20
Q

What must happen to non-coding introns after a gene is transcribed (copied)?

A

The non-coding introns must be removed.

21
Q

What is the name of an RNA enzyme complex?

A

A spliceosome

22
Q

What is the purpose of a spliceosome?

A

bring exon ends together and cut out the intron.

23
Q

What does the final mRNA only contain before translation in the cytoplasm?

A

coding sequences (exons)

24
Q

What did non-coding DNA be referred as?

A

Junk DNA

25
Q

What is the purpose of non-coding DNA?

A

Gene regulation

DNA and Proteins (7 decks)

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