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DNA and Proteins > BB 2 - DNA Replication > Flashcards

BB 2 - DNA Replication Flashcards

1.1 - Chromosomes and DNA Replication

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1
Q

What does DNA do in DNA replication?

A

Provide instructions to produce new cells and organisms.

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2
Q

What does new prokaryotic cell receive after DNA replication?

A

A chromosome

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3
Q

What does a new eukaryotic cell receive after DNA replication?

A

A set of chromosomes

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4
Q

Why are the two strands of the double helix held together by weak hydrogen bonds?

A

Allows the strands to separate so that each strand is used as a template for copying.

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5
Q

Why are both strands of the double helix copied?

A

To form two identical double helices

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6
Q

How many proteins are involved in DNA replication?

A

Six, plus free DNA nucleotides

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7
Q

What are the names of the proteins involved in DNA replication?

A 
Topoisomerase
Helicase
Single-strand binding proteins
Primase
DNA polymerase
Ligase
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8
Q

What is the purpose of the topoisomerase protein in DNA replication?

A

Unwinds the double helix

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the helicase protein in DNA replication?

A

Separates the DNA strands

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the single-strand binding protein in DNA replication?

A

Prevent strands from joining back together

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11
Q

What is the purpose of primase proteins in DNA replication?

A

Makes RNA primer to signal starting point for replication

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12
Q

What is the purpose of DNA polymerase protein in DNA replication?

A

Synthesise new DNA strands

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13
Q

What is the purpose of ligase protein in DNA replication?

A

Joins newly synthesised DNA strands

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14
Q

What is the purpose of free DNA nucleotides in DNA replication?

A

Used to make new DNA strands.

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15
Q

Describe step 1 of Semi-conservative DNA replication

A

The double helix unwinds and the strands separate due to topoisomerase and helicase proteins, exposing the nucleotide bases.

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16
Q

Describe step 2 of Semi-conservative DNA replication

A

The DNA polymerase protein synthesises a new strand of DNA, using free DNA nucleotides that complementary pair to both template strands from the original DNA molecule.

17
Q

Describe step 3 of Semi-conservative DNA replication

A

The DNA ligase protein joins the sugar-phosphate backbone together.

18
Q

What does it mean when two double helices are semi-conserved?

A

Half of the molecule is from the original DNA molecule (conserved).
Half of the molecule is newly syntheised from free nucleotides.

DNA and Proteins (7 decks)

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