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DNA and Proteins > BB 4 - Translation > Flashcards

BB 4 - Translation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA.

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2
Q

What is the name of a group of three nucleotides?

A

A codon

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3
Q

What does one codon code for?

A

One amino acid

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4
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there?

A

20 amino acids

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5
Q

What does the sequence of the codons code for?

A

A specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

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6
Q

What is the starting codon?

A

AUG

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7
Q

What are the stop codons?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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8
Q

What happens to the mRNA in the cytoplasm?

A

A ribosome which was built from ribosomal RNA - rRNA) assembles around the mRNA.

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9
Q

What carries amino acids to the ribsome?

A

Specific transfer RNAs (tRNAs)

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10
Q

What is complementary on between the tRNA and mRNA?

A

The anticodon on tRNA and the codon on mRNA.

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11
Q

What does the sequence of bases on the mRNA determine?

A

The order of amino acids in the polypeptide

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12
Q

What determines the order of amino acids in the polypeptide?

A

The sequence of bases on the mRNA

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13
Q

What are the three key steps of translation?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
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14
Q

What is step 1 in translation?

A

Initiation

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15
Q

What is step 2 in translation?

A

Elongation

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16
Q

What is step 3 in translation?

A

Termination

17
Q

What happens in step 1 of translation (initiation)?

A

The initiator tRNA which has the UAC codon binds to the AUG codon to start the translation, which is the ribosome units assemble at this location.

18
Q

What happens in step 2 of translation (elongation)?

A

The next tRNA enters the ribosome, bringing a specific amino acid, where a peptide bond forms between the first and second amino acids. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, the first tRNA is released and the process repeats.

19
Q

What happens in step 3 of translation (termination)?

A

Elongation continues until the ribosome reaches a STOP codon (UAA, UAG, UGA). Stop codons do not code for an amino acid. Instead, they recruit a release factor to disassemble the ribosome and release the polypeptide.

DNA and Proteins (7 decks)

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