Basophils, Eosinophils, and Monocytes Flashcards

1
Q

Basophils

A
  • matures in BM
  • basophilic granules (lots so difficult to observe maturation)
  • bilobed nucleus
    circulate in blood until directed to inflamed tissue
  • 60-hour lifespan; anti-apoptotic
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2
Q

this is critical for basophil differentiation

A

IL-3

contributes to long lifespan (60 hrs)

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3
Q

these initiate and mediate allergic response

A
  • basophils
  • receptors for IgE
  • type I hypersensitivity
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4
Q

these regulate immune response and releases cytokines to regulate T-helper cells

A

basophils

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5
Q

these assist eos in control of helminth infections

A

basophils

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6
Q

Basopenia

A

low basophils (disorder); hard to assess due to the low number of basophils

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7
Q

eosinophils

A
  • bilobed nucleus; azurophilic granules
  • IL-5 critical for proliferation and survival
  • concentrated at mucosal surfaces
  • remains in circulation for about 18 hrs
  • reside in tissues for 2-5 days
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8
Q

T or F. eosinophils act as antigen presenting cells

A

T!

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9
Q

Charcot-Leyden protein

A
  • eosinophil
  • lysophospholipase
  • hydrolyzes different types of phospholipid membranes
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10
Q

eosinophil cationic protein

A

destroys membranes

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11
Q

major basic protein of eosinophilic granules

A

disrupts membranes

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12
Q

eosinophil peroxidase

A

generates toxic radicals

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13
Q

histaminase

A

produced by eos; inhibits histamine

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14
Q

10% of leukocytes

A

monocytes

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15
Q

monocytes are derived from…

A

granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells

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16
Q

housekeeping functions of monocytes

A
  • remove debris
  • destroy senescent RBCs and stores iron
  • production of proteins, enzymes, interleukins, complement, growth factors, etc.
17
Q

monocytosis

A

caused by inflammation, infections, hypersensitivity, tissue repair, neutropenia, drugs, stress, malignancies

18
Q

monocytopenia

A
  • rare ; other cytopenia involved

- aplastic anemia, EBV chemo, or steroid therapy

19
Q

Niemann-Pick disease

A
  • lipid storage disease of monocytres (def of sphingomyelinase)
  • accumulation of sphingomyelin in macrophages giving foamy cytoplasm with lipid filled vesicles
20
Q

Basophil granules

A
  • histamine
  • chondroitin sulfates
  • eosinophilic chemotactic factor
  • prostaglandin D2
  • leukotrienes
  • interleukins
21
Q

Gaucher disease

A
  • monocyte disorder
  • lysosomal lipid storage
  • def in B-glucocerebrosidase
  • glucocerebroside accumulates in macs giving cytoplasm a wrinkled/striated appearance
22
Q

largest reservoir of monocytes

A
  • red pup of spleen

- releases them in response to tissue damage

23
Q

T or F. basophils are phagocytic

A

F! non-phagocytic

24
Q

basophil granules

A
  • histamine = hypersensitivity + inflammation
  • chrondroitin sulfates = heparan sulfate
  • eiosinophilic chemotactic factor
  • prostaglandin D2 (vasodilation)
  • leukotrienes (mediates inflammation)
  • interleukins
25
type I hypersensitivity
- IgE mediated - first exposure = B cells produce IgE which bind to mast cell and basophil membranes - second = antigen binds IgE causing cross-linking and degranulation - symptoms = vessel dilation, airway constriction, itching, mucous secretion
26
Basophilia
- most common: MPN - allergic rhinitis - hypersensitivity to food or drugs - chronic infections/inflammatory conditions - bee stings
27
Mast cells
- lots of granules and dispersed chromatin - not "true" leukocytes > derived from hematopoietic precursors > mast cell progenitors travel from BM to tissues to mature - involved in both innate ad adaptive immunity (effector cells in allergic reaction)
28
where are mast cells found?
- skin and mucous membranes (skin, intestines) | - long lifespan in tissues
29
eosinophil functions
- immune regulation: acts as antigen-presenting cells - hypersensitivity: activation + regulation of basophils and mast cells, release IL-8 to activate neuts and T-cells, dampens effect of monocytes and basophils (via histaminases) - regulate inflammation: inactivate substances released by basophils and mast cells - destroy helminthic paasites - allergic disorders (asthma)
30
Eosinophils release this to activate neutrophils and T cells
IL-8
31
eosinophil phagocytosis
- kills parasites too large to be phagocytosed - via IgE complement coating the parasite - T cells and basophils release interleukins to attract eosinophils - eosinophils bind tightly to parasite and release granular contents - frustrated phagocytosis
32
eosinophilia
- allergies - parasitic infections - drugs reactions - malignancies - skin disorders - pulmonary disorders
33
major cytokine causing proliferation of monocytes
macrophage colony-stimulating factor
34
T or F. monocytes are released directly into circulation once mature
T!
35
T or F. Monocytes have a marginating and circulating pool in the peripheral blood
T! - remain in circulation for 3 days - responds to infection/inflammation immediately - becomes resident cells - lifespan ranges from hours (inflammatory macs) to 21 days (Kupffer cells)
36
Monocyte functions in innate immunity
- recognize bacterial pathogens - produce inflammatory cytokines - phagocytosis - synthesize nitric oxide (Cytotoxic)
37
adaptive immunity functions of monocytes
- macs and dendritic cells are APCs | - activate B and T lymphs