Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
A combination of substances that are held together by physical rather than chemical ties is called a ________.
Mixture
What type of change occurs when ice melts and becomes water?
Physical
If a product has a pH of 8.9 , it is considered __________.
Alkaline
_________ is a sweet, colorless, oily substance formed by the decomposition of oils, fats, or fatty acids.
Glycerin
There are about _______ naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinctive physical & chemical properties.
90
Pure water with a pH of 7 is considered to be _________.
Neutral
The separating of a substance into ions is known as
Ionization
Sodium chloride is commonly known as ________.
Table salt
Liquids that mix easily are known as ________.
Miscible
In creating a solution, the liquid used to dissolve a substance is called the _______.
Solvent
A molecule is formed by joining 2 or more ________ chemically.
Atoms
An alteration of the properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance is a __________.
Physical change
Lighting a match is an example of ________.
Rapid oxidation
A preparation made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance is _______.
A solution
The pH of normal hair is ________.
5.0
A permanent mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder (gum) is an _________.
Emulsion
Temporary mixtures of two kinds of matter are _________.
Suspensions
Organic chemistry is the study of all substances containing ________.
Carbon
Oxidation-reduction reactions, also known as _________ , are responsible for the chemical changes created by hair colors , hair lighteners, permanent wave solutions, and neutralizers.
Redox
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a new substance called _______.
A Compound
The branch of chemistry which deals with substances that do not contain carbon is called _________.
Inorganic chemistry
Anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties, and exists in either a solid, liquid or gas form is known as _________.
Matter
The smallest particle of an element that still retains the properties of that element is the _________.
Atom
Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances are called _________.
Elements
The formation of a new product by the uniting of two or more elements is known as ___________.
A compound
The letter symbol for lead is _______.
Pb
When 2 or more atoms are joined together chemically, a/an _________ created.
Molecule
Another name for alkalies is _________.
Bases
When a substance is combined with oxygen, the substance is _________.
Oxidized
The head of a surfactant molecule is _________ , meaning water loving.
Hydrophilic
The tail of a surfactant molecule is _________ , meaning oil loving.
Lipophilic
____________ are substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.
Alkanolamines
__________ organic compounds are two or more elements combined chemically that contain carbon & evaporate very quickly.
Volatile
