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Systematics > Basics > Flashcards

Basics Flashcards

1
Q

The science for studying classification

A

taxonomy

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2
Q

taxonomy is further divided into three working groups

A

classification, identification, nomenclature

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3
Q

taxonomic classification system

A

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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4
Q

domains

A

archaea, bacteria, eukaryota

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5
Q
  • are prokaryotic, with no nuclear membrane, but with biochemistry and RNA markers that are distinct from bacteria.
A

domain archaea

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6
Q

a domain that are considered some of the oldest species of organisms on Earth, most notably their diverse, exotic metabolisms

A

domain archaea

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7
Q

Some examples of archaeal organisms

A

methanogens, halophiles, thermoacidophiles

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8
Q

an organism that produce the gas methane

A

methanogen

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9
Q

organisms which live in very salty water

A

halophiles

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10
Q

organisms that thrive in acidic high-temperature water

A

thermoacidophiles

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11
Q

are prokaryotic; their domain consists of cells with bacterial rRNA, no nuclear membrane, and whose membranes possess primarily diacyl glycerol diester lipids.

A

domain bacteria

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12
Q

photosynthesizing bacteria that are related to the chloroplasts of eukaryotic plants and algae

A

cyanobacteria

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13
Q

are organisms whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. They include many large single-celled organisms and all known non-microscopic organisms.

A

domain eukaryota

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14
Q

transmission of traits

A

heredity

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15
Q

differences in traits

A

variation

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16
Q
  • to visually represent the relationships among various groups of animals, scientists often use a type of branching diagram
  • It shows how animals are related through evolution
A

phylogenetic tree

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17
Q

kingdoms in the domain of Eukaryota

A
  • Kingdom Fungi
  • Kingdom Plantae
  • Kingdom Animalia
  • Kingdom Archaebacteria
  • Kingdom Eubacteria
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18
Q

predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae

A

plants

19
Q

Land plants are also known as

A

embryophyta

20
Q

Green plants are also known as

A

viridiphyta

21
Q
  • commonly called seed-bearing plants
  • produce special reproductive structures that are visible
A

phanerogams

22
Q
  • commonly called spore-bearing plants
  • they produce sexually by gametes but sex organs are concealed
A

cryptogams

23
Q

groups under cryptogam

A
  • thallophyta (algae)
  • bryophyta (mosses)
  • pteridophyta (ferns)
24
Q

groups under algae

A
  • chlorophyceae (green algae)
  • phaeophyceae (brown algae)
  • rhodophyceae (red algae)
25
Q

2 groups under bryophytes

A
  • mosses
  • liverworts
26
Q

the only cryptogam with vascular tissues

A

pteridophyta (ferns)

27
Q

groups under phanerogam

A
  • gymnosperms
  • angiosperms
28
Q

plants that bear naked seeds

A

gymnosperms

29
Q

plants that bear seeds inside fruits

A

angiosperms

30
Q

groups under angiosperms

A

monocotyledons and dicotyledons

31
Q
  • eukaryotic organisms that include microorganisms such as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms
  • the cell walls are made of chitin, not cellulose
  • absorb nutrients from other organisms
A

kingdom fungi

32
Q
  • a group of eukaryotic, single-celled organisms
  • all eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi
A

kingdom Protista

33
Q

7 phyla of the kingdom Animalia

A
  • porifera
  • cnidaria
  • platyhelminthes
  • annelida
  • mollusca
  • arthropoda
  • chordata
34
Q
  • No body symmetry (asymmetrical)
  • No mouth or anus (have pores to facilitate the circulation of material)
  • May have silica or calcium carbonate based spicules for structural support
  • Examples include sea sponges
A

phylum porifera

35
Q
  • Have radial symmetry
  • Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity)
  • May have tentacles with stinging cells for capturing and disabling prey
  • Examples include jellyfish, sea anemones and coral
A

phylum cnidaria

36
Q
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a mouth but no anus (single entrance body cavity)
  • Have a flattened body shape to increase SA:Vol ratio and may be parasitic
  • Examples include tapeworms and planaria
A

phylum platyhelminthes

37
Q
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Body composed of ringed segments with specialisation of segments
  • Examples include earthworms and leeches
A

phylum annelida

38
Q
  • Have bilaterial symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Body composed of a visceral mass, a muscular foot and a mantle (may produce shell)
  • Examples include snails, slugs, octopi, squid and bivalves (e.g. clams)
A

phylum mollusca

39
Q
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Have jointed body sections/appendages and have a hard exoskeleton (chitin)
  • Examples include insects, crustaceans, spiders, scorpions and centipedes
A

phylum arthropoda

40
Q
  • Have bilateral symmetry
  • Have a separate mouth and anus
  • Have a notochord and a hollow, dorsal nerve tube for at least some period of their life cycle
  • Examples include mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish (also invertebrate sea squirts)
A

phylum chordata

41
Q

placing organisms within groups with
members exhibiting similarities (structure, physiological or evolutionary relatedness).

A

classification

42
Q

assigning of scientific names to
taxonomic groups in accordance with accepted rules.

A

nomenclature

43
Q

the evolutionary history of organisms
through time.

A

systematics

Systematics (15 decks)

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