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AAAAI Board Review Course > Basic Science II & III > Flashcards

Basic Science II & III Flashcards

1
Q

CD19 expression stops at what stage of B cell development?

A

Plasma cell

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2
Q

What process determines if an Ig will be membrane bound or secratory?

A

alternative splicing

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3
Q

Failure to limit RAG mediated rearrangement of VDJ can lead to what pathology?

A

lymphoma

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4
Q

How does Rituximab target B cells without affecting T cells?

A

Target is CD20 - only present on B cells

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5
Q

Where do B cells reside before they have encountered antigen?

A

primary follicle

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6
Q

Which growth factors are secreted by dendritic cells to allow for B cell survival?

A

BLyS (BAFF) and APRIL

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7
Q

What 3 CD markers comprise the B cell receptor complex?

A

CD19, CD21, CD81

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8
Q

How is the B cell activation amplified?

A

CD19,21,81 complex provides second signal by activating ITAM

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9
Q

How is the B cell activation signal downregulated?

A

IgG bound to antigen binds to FCγRII, activating ITIM

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10
Q

What type of antigen do marginal zone B cells recognize?

A

polysaccharide

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11
Q

What type of antigen do conventional B cells (B-2 cells) recognize?

A

protein antigen

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12
Q

What is the purpose of somatic hypermutation?

A

affinity maturation

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13
Q

Which which enzymes are used in class switching?

A

AID (instead of RAG) and UNG

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14
Q

Which immunoglobulin is not produced by recombination?

A

IgD - occurs via alternative splicing

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15
Q

Is somatic hypermutation T cell dependent or independent?

A

dependent

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16
Q

Is B cell activation and development into short lived plasma cells or long lived B1 cells T cell dependent or independent?

A

independent

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17
Q

How does CD40 ligand deficiency result in hyper IgM syndrome?

A

failure to receive T cell help

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18
Q

Deficiency of AID or UNG results in what disease?

A

Hyper IgM syndrome

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19
Q

What surface marker identifies a B cell as a memory B cell?

A

CD27

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20
Q

TLR3 recognizes what?

A

viral ds RNA

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21
Q

TLR1/2 recognizes what?

A

lipopeptides from bacteria

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22
Q

TLR2/6 recognize what?

A

peptidoglycan and heat shock protein

23
Q

TLR4 recognizes what?

A

LPS

24
Q

TLR5 recognizes what?

A

flagellin

25
Q

TLR7/8 recognize what?

A

ds RNA

26
Q

TLR9 recognizes what?

A

viral DNA

27
Q

Which TLRs bind intracellular targets?

A

TLR3, 7, 8, 9

28
Q

What is the main transcription factor that is activated through TLR signalling?

A

NF-κB

29
Q

Which TLR functions through a MyD88 independent process, and what does it use instead?

A

TLR3 (TLR4 can fxn with or without MyD88); TRIF -> TRAF3

30
Q

MyD88 transmits a TLR signal to what?

A

IRAK4

31
Q

TLR4 pair with what 2 other molecules to generate a response to LPS?

A

CD14 and MD2

32
Q

NF-κB induces production of what cytokines?

A

TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12

33
Q

In addition to NF-κB, what other transcription factors are activated via TLR signalling?

A

IRF3 (Interferon regulatory factor) IRF7, IRF5, AP-1

34
Q

What fusion gene is associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome and predicts response to imatinib?

A

PDGFRA

35
Q

What is the function of CXCL8?

A

neutrophil chemotaxis

36
Q

What is the function of CXCL10?

A

T cell chemoattractant - induced by interferons

37
Q

What is the function of CX3CL1 (fractalkine)?

A

acts as adhesion molecule and chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells

38
Q

What is the ligand for P-selectin?

A

Sialyl-Lewis X

39
Q

What is the ligand for ICAM-1?

A

LFA-1, Mac-1, fibrinogen

40
Q

What does rhinovirus use to gain entry into cells?

A

ICAM-1

41
Q

CCR4 binds to what ligands?

A

CCL17 and CCL22

42
Q

What is the receptor used by Plasmodium vivax to infect red cells?

A

DARC

43
Q

What molecules on a T cell does HIV use to gain entry into T cells?

A

CXCR4, CCR5, CD4

44
Q

What are the molecules on HIV that attach to a T cell?

A

gp120 and gp41

45
Q

What mutation is associated with resistance to HIV?

A

CCR5

46
Q

What mutation is associated with more aggressive HIV disease?

A

CCL3L1

47
Q

Phosphorylation of an ITIM leads to recruitment of what?

A

SHP-1&2, SHIP

48
Q

Which tyrosine kinase binds to the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 and CD8?

A

p56lck

49
Q

During T cell activation, hydrolysis of PIP2 by PLC gamma generates DAG and IP3. What do DAG and IP3 do?

A

DAG - modulates NFkappaB pathway

IP3 mediates Ca+ influx

50
Q

In T cell activation, where does the initial increase in Ca+ come from?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

51
Q

In T cell activation, Ca+ release from the ER activates what to further increase Ca+?

A

CRAC channel

52
Q

In T cell activation, Ca+ influx activates what?

A

calcineurin

53
Q

What does calcineurin do?

A

dephosphorylates NFAT during T cell activation allowing it to be transferred to the nucleus

54
Q

MAP kinase pathways activate which transcription factors during T cell activation?

A

Fos and Jun, which leads to AP1 activation

AAAAI Board Review Course (7 decks)

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