Basic Science I

Question 1

What are the structural differences between MHC class I and MHC class II molecules?

Answer 1

Class I has 3 alpha chains and one beta chain

Class II has 2 alpha and 2 beta chains

Question 2

A high percentage of double negative alpha/beta T cells is associated with what condition?

Answer 2

ALPS

Question 3

Where is antigen loaded onto class 1 MHC?

Answer 3

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

What protein transfers intracellular antigen from the proteosome to the ER?

Answer 4

TAP1/TAP2

Question 5

What is the purpose of the invarient chain in MHC II antigen presentation?

Answer 5

protects the binding cleft until peptide can be loaded

Question 6

Where is antigen loaded onto MCH class II molecules?

Answer 6

phagolysosome

Question 7

What interaction between B and T cells induces class switching?

Answer 7

T cell CD40L binds to B cell CD40

Question 8

Mutations in Tbx1 lead to what disease?

Answer 8

DiGeorge

Question 9

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy (APECED) is due to a mutation in which gene?

Answer 9

AIRE - autoimmune regulator

Question 10

What is the function of Artemis?

Answer 10

opens the hairpin to allow for VDJ recombination

Question 11

What is the function of RAG1/RAG2?

Answer 11

cleaves VDJ regions during recombination

Question 12

What is formed from the remaining 12/23 spacer after recombination?

Answer 12

TREC

Question 13

Which CD markers are present on T cells during positive selection?

Answer 13

CD3, CD4, CD8

Question 14

Which CD markers are present on T cells during negative selection?

Answer 14

CD3 and either CD4 or CD8

Question 15

Autoimmunity occurs with failure of which? - positive selection, negative selection

Answer 15

negative selection - when T cells with high affinity for self are deleted

Question 16

NKT cells recognize antigen presented on what? What kind of antigen do they recognize?

Answer 16

CD1d; lipid

Question 17

Which cytokine do innate lymphoid cells primarily produce?

Answer 17

IL-22 - maintains epithelial integrity

Question 18

IL-17 or IL-17R defect leads to what disease?

Answer 18

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 19

IFN-gamma production is induced by which STAT and transcription factors?

Answer 19

STAT1/4; Tbet

Question 20

IL-4,5, and 13 production is induced by which STAT and transcription factor?

Answer 20

STAT6; GATA3

Question 21

TGFbeta and IL-10 production is induced by which STAT and transcription factor?

Answer 21

STAT5; FOXP3

Question 22

Bcl6 and IRF4 transcription factors are activated by which STAT and produce which cytokines?

Answer 22

STAT3/4/1; IL-21, 4, 10

Question 23

STAT6 is induced by which cytokine?

Answer 23

IL-4

Question 24

STAT5 is induced by which cytokine(s)?

Answer 24

TGFb and IL-2

Question 25

STAT3 is induced by which cytokine(s)?

Answer 25

IL-23 and IL-1b

Question 26

Costimulation of T cells occurs by binding what to CD80 and CD86?

Answer 26

CD28

Question 27

Binding of CD28 to CD80 or CD86 causes expression of what other CD marker?

Answer 27

CD40L for costimulation

Question 28

Which interleukin drives monoclonal expansion of T cells after activation?

Answer 28

IL-2

Question 29

Which molecule is upregluated on T cells when homing to the lymph nodes?

Answer 29

CCR7 and LFA1

Question 30

What do CCR7 and LFA1 bind to when T cells home to the lymph node?

Answer 30

CCL19 and CCL21

Question 31

Which cellular marker is an indicator of T cell exhaustion?

Answer 31

PD1

Question 32

Which enzyme is responsible for somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation?

Answer 32

AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase)

Question 33

Which IgG subclasses are good at complement fixation?

Answer 33

IgG1 and IgG3