Basic pharmacology

Question 1

What the body does to the drug

Examines the movement and modification of drug over time through the body

Answer 1

Pharmacokinetics

Question 2

What the drug does to the body

The study of drug-receptor interaction and biological effects

Answer 2

Pharmacodynamics

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics:

Answer 3

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Elimination

Question 4

Phase I

Answer 4

Reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis

Yields slightly polar, water-soluble metabolites (active or inactive)

Cytochrome P450
Non-cytochrome P450
Flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes

Question 5

Phase II

Answer 5

Conjugation

Yields VERY polar, inactive metabolites that can be easily excreted by kidneys

Glucuronosyltransferases
Glutathione-S-transferases
N-acetyl-transferases
Sulfotransferases

Question 6

Geriatrics lose which phase first?

Answer 6

Phase I

Question 7

Drug’s ability to initiate a response after binding to a receptor

Answer 7

Intrinsic activity

Question 8

Drug has an affinity for a receptor and stimulates it

Answer 8

Full agonist

Question 9

Drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor as compared to a full agonist

Answer 9

Partial agonist

Question 10

Drug has an affinity for a receptor but displays little or no intrinsic activity

Answer 10

Antagonist

Question 11

Competes with agonist for receptor sites, occupies the receptor site- no reaction

Answer 11

Competitive antagonist

Question 12

Binds to the site other than receptor site and changed the shape of receptor- no reaction

Answer 12

Non-competitive antagonist

Question 13

Drug acts on a variety of receptors

Answer 13

Nonselective

Question 14

Efficacy

Answer 14

Maximal effect a drug can produce

Ability of the drug to activate the receptor once it is bound

Question 15

Potency

Answer 15

Amount of drug needed for a given effect

Depends on:
affinity to receptor
Amount of administered drug that reaches the receptor site

Question 16

Drugs with _____ ED50 is more potent than the drug with _____ ED50

Answer 16

Low, high

Question 17

Cell engulfing drug particles

Answer 17

Pinocytosis

Question 18

More highly protein bound an agent is, the more difficulty it has _____?

Answer 18

Disassociating from the sodium channel.

Causes longer duration of action

Question 19

Protein bound or unbound can readily cross cell membranes?

Answer 19

Unbound

The free fraction determines the concentration of bound drug on the receptor

Question 20

Volume of distribution

Answer 20

The volume of total body fluid into which a drug “appears” to distribute

Question 21

(Amount of drug administered mg) /

(Plasma drug concentration mg/L)=?

Answer 21

Volume of distribution

Question 22

What is the 60-40-20 rule?

Answer 22

TBW is 60% of body weight
ICF is 40% of body weight
ECF is 20% of body weight

Question 23

Plasma osmolarity=

Answer 23

2(Na+) + 0.055(glucose) + 0.36(BUN)

Question 24

Nondepolarizing NMB bind to plasma proteins and are poor lipid soluble, therefore have high plasma concentrations and ____ volume distribution

Answer 24

Low

Question 25

Thiopental and diazepam are highly lipid soluble (will be concentrated in tissue) therefore have low plasma concentration and ____ volume of distribution

Answer 25

High

Question 26

Water loss

Answer 26

``` 1.5L urine 100 ml sweat 100 ml feces 300-400 ml vapor exhaled from lungs 400 ml diffusion through skin ```

Question 27

Daily water intake

Answer 27

2.5 L

Question 28

When 2 enantiomers are present in equal proportion and cancel each other’s optical activity

Answer 28

Racemic mixture