Basic Pharm 2 Flashcards
Preg Category A
No risk to animal fetus
No risk to human fetus
Folic acid, B blockers, HIV
Preg Category B1
No Risk to Animal fetus
No human fetus studies done
Preg Category B2
+ risk for Animal fetus
No risk for human fetus
ZIDOVUDINE
Preg Category C1
Risk for animal fetus
No human studies done
Aspirin
Preg Category C2
NO studies done on both animal and human fetus
Preg Category D
Potential risk in both animal and human fetus
Benefits outweight the risk
E.g. Captopril (hypertension in pregnancy)
Preg Category X
Risk in animal and human fetus (teratogens)
X is contraindicated in pregnancy
E.g. Isotretenoin
Administration: Enteral (PO)
Oral, Rectal, and Sublingual
Administration: Parenteral
IV
IM
Subcutaneous
Administration: Other (5)
Topical Transdermal Inhalation Intranasal Suppositories
Absorption: IV
NOT ASSOCIATED TO ABSORPTION
100% of drug reaches circulation, so
100% of drug is available (bioavailability)
Bioavailability
The fraction of administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in an unchanged form
E.g. If 100 mg of drug is given orally, and 50 mg is absorbed and delivered to systemic circulation unchanged, the bioavailability is 50%
Bioavailability ranges (from greatest to least)
IV > IM > SC > PO > rector (PR) > Inhalation > Transdermal
Which route of administration has significant first pass hepatic metabolism?
Oral , then rectal
What route of administration used for the lack of first-pass effect and for prolonged duration of action?
Transdermal
