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Anti-inflammatory Drugs 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchodilators are what type of agonists and used for what?

A

Asthma

B2 agonists

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2
Q

Bronchodilators: Short-acting B2 agonists

A

Albuterol
Metaproterenol
Terbutaline

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3
Q

Bronchodilators: Long-acting B2 agonists

A

Salmeterol

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4
Q

Bronchodilators: B1 and B2 agonist

A

Isoproterenol

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5
Q

Bronchodilators: Alpha-1, B1, B2 agonist

A

Epinephrine

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6
Q

Bronchodilators B2 Agonist MOA:

A

Bind to B2 receptors in the lung –> stimulate adenyl cyclase –> produce cAMP –> relaxation of smooth muscle of bronchi

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7
Q

Bronchodilators B2 Agonist: Indications

A

Bronchospasms
Long active (Salmetrol): prophylaxis only
Aerosolics have low systemic toxicity potential

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8
Q

Bronchodilators B2 Agonist: Contraindications

A

Uncontrolled arrhythmia

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9
Q

Bronchodilators B2 Agonist: Adverse Reactions

A

Anxiety, tremors, headache, palpitations

tachycardia, hypertension and arrhythmia

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10
Q

Xanthine Bronchodilators: Buzzword

A

Theophylline

Aminophylline

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11
Q

Xanthine Bronchodilators: MOA

A

It competitively inhibits phosphodiesterase (enzyme that metabolizes cAMP) –> Increase cAMP –> Relaxation of bronchial muscles

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12
Q

Xanthine BronchodilatorsL Theophylline Drug Interactions

A
  1. Has narrow TI
  2. Drugs that affect theophylline elimination
    Macrolide: erythromycin
    Quinolones: Ciprofloxacin
  3. Drugs that increase theophylline metabolism (thereby decreasing its effects)
    CNS depressants: Phenobarbital
    Antiepilectics: Carbamezepine
    Tobacco and Marijuana
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13
Q

Anticholinergic Bronchodilators (M Blockers): Buzzword

A

Ipratropium (Antimuscarinic)

Local bronchodialtion after inhalation

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14
Q

Anticholinergic Bronchodilators (M Blockers): Side effects

A 
Like Atropine (anticholinergics) 
Dry mouth 
Constipation 
Urinary retention 
Tachycardia 
Mydriasis
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15
Q

Anticholinergic Bronchodilators (M Blockers): Indications

A
  1. Drug of choice in bronchospasm caused by beta blockers (blocking effects of B agonist)
    B blockers overdose –> Use M blockers to block the effective of B agonist
  2. Adjunct bronchodilator inhaler in Asthma for bronchodilation in acute asthma in COPD
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16
Q

Corticosteroids: Buzzword and Drugs

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

Beclomethason
Fluticasone 
Triamcinolone 
Oral corticosteroids 
Prednisone
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17
Q

Corticosteroids: MOA

A

Anti-inflammatory:
1. Inhibit the release of inflammtory mediators: kinins, histamine, that cause airway narrowing

  1. Inhibit the synthesis of leukotrienes –> reducing bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion
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18
Q

Corticosteroids: Indications

A

Chronic bronchitis
Bronchial asthma
Allergic rhinitis

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19
Q

Corticosteroids: Contraindications and Adverse rxns

A

Acute bronchospasm

Abd distress, anorexia, unpleasant taste in moth
oral infection (thrush)—steroid suppressing the
immune system

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20
Q

Leukiotriene Antagonists

A

Montelukast (tablet, not vent)

Zafirlukast

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21
Q

Leukiotriene Antagonists: MOA

A

Antagonists at LTD3 receptors

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22
Q

LOX Antagonist: Buzzword and MOA

A

Zileuton

Antagonist of LTs

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23
Q

LOX Antagonist: Indications

A

PROPHYLAXSIS and chronic tx of asthma seasonal allergic

rhinitis

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24
Q

LOX Antagonist:

A

Headache, dental pain, GI distress, rash

- ↑ LFTs*

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25
Mast Cell Stabilizers: Buzzword
Cromolyn | Nedocromil
26
Mast Cell Stabilizers: MOA
Prevent degranulation of pulmonary mast cells Inhibit release of histamine, LTBs from mast cells -Used towards more exercise or other induced types of asthma---stabilizing mast cells (prophylactic) -Not bronchodilators or for acute attack
27
Mast Cell Stabilizers: Indications
Prevention of bronchospasm Prophylactic in exercise induced asthma NOT ACUTE ATTACK
28
Mast Cell Stabilizers: Adverse Effects
Cough, hoarseness, diarrhea, myalgia, bad taste in the mouth after use of inhaler
29
Monoclonal Antibody: Buzzword
Omalizumab
30
Monoclonal Antibody: MOA
Binds to IgE receptors on the mast cell
31
Monoclonal Antibody: Indications
Moderate to severe persistent asthma | NOT ACUTE ATTACK
32
Monoclonal Antibody: Adverse Reactions
Local injection site irritation Headache Increaed rate of viral or respiratory tract infections
33
Approach for Managing Asthma: Infants and 5 years and younger
Short acting B2 agonist | Inhaled albuterol
34
Approach for Managing Asthma: Infants and 5 years and younger Mild intermittent attacks: < 2 days/week or < 2 nights/month
No daily medications needed
35
Approach for Managing Asthma: Infants and 5 years and younger Mild persistent: > 2 days/week > 2 nights/month
Low-dose inhaled beclomethasone Or inhaled cromolyn Or montelukast oral
36
Approach for Managing Asthma: Infants and 5 years and younger Moderate persistent: Daily > 1 night/week
Low-dose inhaled beclomethasone + Salmetrol or Montelukast Medium-dose inhaled beclomethasone
37
Approach for Managing Asthma: Quick relief for adults and greater than 5 years
Short acting B2 agonist | Inhaled Albuterol
38
Approach for Managing Asthma: Adults and greater than 5 years Mild intermittent attacks: < 2 days/week or < 2 nights/month
No daily medication needed
39
Approach for Managing Asthma: Adults and greater than 5 years Mild persistent: > 2 days/week > 2 nights/month
Low-dose inhaled beclomethasone Or Montelukast and/or Cromolyn Or theophylline
40
Approach for Managing Asthma: Adults and greater than 5 years Moderate persistent: Daily > 1 night/week
Low-to-medium dose inhaled beclomethasone + Salmetrol or Montelukast
41
Approach for Managing Asthma: Infants and 5 years and younger Severe persistent Daily Night: frequent
High-dose inhaled beclomethasone + salmetrol + oral prednisone
42
Approach for Managing Asthma: Adults and greater than 5 years Severe persistent: Daily Night: frequent
High-dose inhaled beclomethasone + salmetrol + oral prednisone
43
Goals of Asthma Control Therapy
1. Minimal or no chronic symptoms day or night 2. Minimal or no exacerbations 3. No limitations on activities 4. Maintain or no adverse effects from meds 5. Minimal use of short-acting inhaled B2 agonists 6. Minimal or no adverse effects from meds
44
Status Asthmaticus in Children
1. Supplemental Oxygen 2. Inhaled Albuterol 3. IV methylprednisone 4. Nebulized Ipratropium (Anticholinergics) 5. IV or SC epinephrine (in severe attack and not responding to inhaled drugs)
45
Antitussives: Opoid
Codeine (addictive, controlled substance)
46
Antitussives: Opoid MOA
Supressing gag reflex --> Cough reflex
47
Antitussives: Opoid Indications
Tx nonproductive cough and cough that interfere with daily activities and sleep
48
Antitussives: Non-Opoid
Dextrometorphan (Robitussin) and Benzonate
49
Expectorants: Buzzword
Guafenesin
50
Expectorants: MOA
Decrease viscosity of secretion
51
Expectorants: Indications
Associated w/ common cold and URIs Not recommended for persistent cough associated w/ smoking, asthma, and emphysema
52
Diluents: Buzzword
Water | Normal
53
Diluents: MOA and Administered
To dilute respiratory secretions Administered by ultrasonic nebulizer
54
Mucolytics (CF): Buzzword
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) | Break down the mucoprotein molecules
55
Mucolytics (CF): Indication
Treatment for thick or abnormal mucus in cystic fibrosis or atlectasis
56
Mucolytics: Acetylcysteine Buzz Word:
Antidote for acetominophen (Tylenol) overdose
57
Dornase alfa used for?
Cystic fibrosis | Administered via nebulizer
58
Decongestants: Buzzword
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) | Phenylephrine
59
Decongestants: MOA
Stimulate alpha-1 receptors: Vasoconstriction
60
Decongestants: Indications
Nasal congestions

M3 Pharm B1 (8 decks)

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