BASIC - LAB 4 Flashcards
what is the key to maintaining body homeostasis
cardiovascular system
what ensures an adequate blood to the tissues and organs
blood flow and blood pressure regulation
what is blood pressure related to
cardiac output and peripheral resistance
what is cardiac output dependent on
stroke volume and heart rate
what is peripheral resistance
the resitance of arteries to blood flow which is influenced by radius and blood flow
what is the volume of blood pumped per unit time
cardiac output
what is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat
stoke volume
how do antihypertensive drugs work
they act by lowering cardiac output or total peripheral resistance or both
how are adrenergic receptors classified
alpha and beta receptors and their subtypes
the effects of the adrenergic agent on a tissue depend on
localization of the receptor, selectivity of the receptor and the total effect on all the recepts
epinephrine has a greater effect on beta 1 or beta 2
beta 1
increased cardiac output and increase in blood pressure
norepinephrine has a greater effect on alpha receptors in the arteries or arterioles or beta 1 in the hear
alpha receptrs, increases bp related to increase in peripheral resistance
which receptor does norepinephrine have no effect on
beta 2 agonist which effects muscle relaxation, has no usefulness in the treatment of hypotension related to hypersensitivity
what adrenergic receptor is located on the SA node?
Beta 1
increases heart rate
what adrenergic receptor is located on the atrial vnetricles
beta 1, increases contractility, conuduction velocity
b2 - relaxation
what adrenergic receptor is located on the arteries and arterioles
alpha 1 - constriction
what adrenergic receptor is located on the veins
alpha 1 - contrsitction
alpha 2 - constriction
beta 2 - dialation
what adrenergic receptor is located on the coronary bv
beta 2 - dialation
alpha 1 and 2 - constriction
what adrenergic receptor is located on the kidney for renin secretion
beta 1 , increase in renin secretion
what is the important homeostatic mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte compositon
the renin angiotensin - aldosterone system
what promotes renin release
beta 1 adrenergic receptor activation in the juxtaglomerular complexw
what inhibits renin release
high blood pressure and low sodium level
what are the two hormones that maintain blood volume and consequently blood pressure through thier participation in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
which renal drug inhibits sodium and chloride symport which increases the release of these drugs in the distal convoluted tubulute
thiazide drugs
mineralocorticoid antagonists work by
increasing salt and water excretion and decrease potassium and H+ excretion, hyperkalemi ais the principal risk of MR antagonists
what regulates blood pressure
sympathetic nervous system
RAAS
endocrine system of aldosterone and ADH
blood volume fluid retention and excretion
peripheral resistance is influenced by
radius and blood flow
what are the adrenergic agonists
alpha 1 and 2
beta 1 ,2 , 3
what does alpha 1 do and where
causes constriction
vascular smooth muscle
what does alpha 2 do and where
causes a decreases sympathomimetic activity
brain and spinal cord
what does beta 1 do and where
increases inotropic contraction and chronotropic rate of the heart
releases renin to activate RAAS and causes vasoconstriction of kidney
what does beta 2 do and where
causes relacation, vasodilation, bronchodilation in the heart kidney skeletal muscle and lung
what does beta 3 do and were
increased fat metabolism in the adipose tissue
what adrenergic drugs are non selective agonists and what are their respective receptors
epinephrine for alpha, beta 1 > 2
norepinephrine alpha > beta 1 NO BETA 2
what adrenergic drugs are selective agonists and what are their respective receptors
pheylephrine - alpha
what adrenergic drugs are non selective antagonists and what are their respective receptors
propranolol - beta 1 and 2
labetalol - alpha, beta 1 and beta 2
what adrenergic drugs are selective antagonists and what are their respective receptors
metoprolol - beta 1
pressure changes in the cardiovascular system primarily result from
changes in the force of contraction of the heart
what is the driving force for blood flow
pressure gradient
blood flow is directly proportional to
blood vessul radius and pressure gradeint
arteries close to the heart need to be able to compensate for
pressure changes
increasing the pressure will have a ___ effect on fluid flwo rate
increase
the factor that has the greatest effect on blood flow is
blood vessel radius
how does the body increase the blood vessel radius
smooth muscle relaxation
where is aldosterone produced
in the adrenal cortex
ADH promotes the renal reabsoprtion of
water
aldosterone promotes the renal reabsorption of ___ and the secretion of ___
naCL, potassium
what will happen to the urine volume when aldosterone is added to the distale tubulue
the urine volume will decrease
what wil happen to the urine volume when ADH is added to the collecting duct
the urine volume will decrease
what will happen to the urine volume and the urine concentration in the presence of both aldosterone and ADH
the urine volume will decrease and the concentration will increase
if there is a signifcant loss of fluid from the body, the kidneys will generate _____ urine
hyperosmotic
if you drink a large volume of water, the kidneys will generate ____ urine
hypo-osmotic
in response to dehydration, ADH will be released from the
posterior pituitary gland
in response to abnormally low plasma osmolality, aldosterone will increase
sodium reabsorption along the distal tubule and the collecting duct
if you increase the afferent arteriole radius and keep all other variables constant the flomerular filtration rate would
increaseif you
decrease the efferent arteriole radius and keep all other varibales constant, the volume of urine flowing into the urinary bladder would
increase
if you increase the efferent arteriole radius and keep all other variables constant, the flomerular filtration rate would
decrease
if you decrease the afferent arteriole radius and keep all other varibales constant the volumbe of urine flowing into the urinary bladder would
decrease
