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PPI - LAB FINAL > BASIC - LAB 4 > Flashcards

BASIC - LAB 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the key to maintaining body homeostasis

A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

what ensures an adequate blood to the tissues and organs

A

blood flow and blood pressure regulation

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3
Q

what is blood pressure related to

A

cardiac output and peripheral resistance

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4
Q

what is cardiac output dependent on

A

stroke volume and heart rate

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5
Q

what is peripheral resistance

A

the resitance of arteries to blood flow which is influenced by radius and blood flow

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6
Q

what is the volume of blood pumped per unit time

A

cardiac output

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7
Q

what is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat

A

stoke volume

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8
Q

how do antihypertensive drugs work

A

they act by lowering cardiac output or total peripheral resistance or both

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9
Q

how are adrenergic receptors classified

A

alpha and beta receptors and their subtypes

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10
Q

the effects of the adrenergic agent on a tissue depend on

A

localization of the receptor, selectivity of the receptor and the total effect on all the recepts

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11
Q

epinephrine has a greater effect on beta 1 or beta 2

A

beta 1
increased cardiac output and increase in blood pressure

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12
Q

norepinephrine has a greater effect on alpha receptors in the arteries or arterioles or beta 1 in the hear

A

alpha receptrs, increases bp related to increase in peripheral resistance

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13
Q

which receptor does norepinephrine have no effect on

A

beta 2 agonist which effects muscle relaxation, has no usefulness in the treatment of hypotension related to hypersensitivity

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14
Q

what adrenergic receptor is located on the SA node?

A

Beta 1
increases heart rate

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15
Q

what adrenergic receptor is located on the atrial vnetricles

A

beta 1, increases contractility, conuduction velocity
b2 - relaxation

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16
Q

what adrenergic receptor is located on the arteries and arterioles

A

alpha 1 - constriction

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17
Q

what adrenergic receptor is located on the veins

A

alpha 1 - contrsitction
alpha 2 - constriction
beta 2 - dialation

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18
Q

what adrenergic receptor is located on the coronary bv

A

beta 2 - dialation
alpha 1 and 2 - constriction

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19
Q

what adrenergic receptor is located on the kidney for renin secretion

A

beta 1 , increase in renin secretion

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20
Q

what is the important homeostatic mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte compositon

A

the renin angiotensin - aldosterone system

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21
Q

what promotes renin release

A

beta 1 adrenergic receptor activation in the juxtaglomerular complexw

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22
Q

what inhibits renin release

A

high blood pressure and low sodium level

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23
Q

what are the two hormones that maintain blood volume and consequently blood pressure through thier participation in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system

A

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

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24
Q

which renal drug inhibits sodium and chloride symport which increases the release of these drugs in the distal convoluted tubulute

A

thiazide drugs

25
Q

mineralocorticoid antagonists work by

A

increasing salt and water excretion and decrease potassium and H+ excretion, hyperkalemi ais the principal risk of MR antagonists

26
Q

what regulates blood pressure

A

sympathetic nervous system
RAAS
endocrine system of aldosterone and ADH
blood volume fluid retention and excretion

27
Q

peripheral resistance is influenced by

A

radius and blood flow

28
Q

what are the adrenergic agonists

A

alpha 1 and 2
beta 1 ,2 , 3

29
Q

what does alpha 1 do and where

A

causes constriction
vascular smooth muscle

30
Q

what does alpha 2 do and where

A

causes a decreases sympathomimetic activity
brain and spinal cord

31
Q

what does beta 1 do and where

A

increases inotropic contraction and chronotropic rate of the heart

releases renin to activate RAAS and causes vasoconstriction of kidney

32
Q

what does beta 2 do and where

A

causes relacation, vasodilation, bronchodilation in the heart kidney skeletal muscle and lung

33
Q

what does beta 3 do and were

A

increased fat metabolism in the adipose tissue

34
Q

what adrenergic drugs are non selective agonists and what are their respective receptors

A

epinephrine for alpha, beta 1 > 2
norepinephrine alpha > beta 1 NO BETA 2

35
Q

what adrenergic drugs are selective agonists and what are their respective receptors

A

pheylephrine - alpha

36
Q

what adrenergic drugs are non selective antagonists and what are their respective receptors

A

propranolol - beta 1 and 2
labetalol - alpha, beta 1 and beta 2

37
Q

what adrenergic drugs are selective antagonists and what are their respective receptors

A

metoprolol - beta 1

38
Q

pressure changes in the cardiovascular system primarily result from

A

changes in the force of contraction of the heart

39
Q

what is the driving force for blood flow

A

pressure gradient

40
Q

blood flow is directly proportional to

A

blood vessul radius and pressure gradeint

41
Q

arteries close to the heart need to be able to compensate for

A

pressure changes

42
Q

increasing the pressure will have a ___ effect on fluid flwo rate

A

increase

43
Q

the factor that has the greatest effect on blood flow is

A

blood vessel radius

44
Q

how does the body increase the blood vessel radius

A

smooth muscle relaxation

45
Q

where is aldosterone produced

A

in the adrenal cortex

46
Q

ADH promotes the renal reabsoprtion of

A

water

47
Q

aldosterone promotes the renal reabsorption of ___ and the secretion of ___

A

naCL, potassium

48
Q

what will happen to the urine volume when aldosterone is added to the distale tubulue

A

the urine volume will decrease

49
Q

what wil happen to the urine volume when ADH is added to the collecting duct

A

the urine volume will decrease

50
Q

what will happen to the urine volume and the urine concentration in the presence of both aldosterone and ADH

A

the urine volume will decrease and the concentration will increase

51
Q

if there is a signifcant loss of fluid from the body, the kidneys will generate _____ urine

A

hyperosmotic

52
Q

if you drink a large volume of water, the kidneys will generate ____ urine

A

hypo-osmotic

53
Q

in response to dehydration, ADH will be released from the

A

posterior pituitary gland

54
Q

in response to abnormally low plasma osmolality, aldosterone will increase

A

sodium reabsorption along the distal tubule and the collecting duct

55
Q

if you increase the afferent arteriole radius and keep all other variables constant the flomerular filtration rate would

A

increaseif you

56
Q

decrease the efferent arteriole radius and keep all other varibales constant, the volume of urine flowing into the urinary bladder would

A

increase

57
Q

if you increase the efferent arteriole radius and keep all other variables constant, the flomerular filtration rate would

A

decrease

58
Q

if you decrease the afferent arteriole radius and keep all other varibales constant the volumbe of urine flowing into the urinary bladder would

A

decrease

59
Q
A

PPI - LAB FINAL (7 decks)

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