BASIC - LAB 4

Question 1

what is the key to maintaining body homeostasis

Answer 1

cardiovascular system

Question 2

what ensures an adequate blood to the tissues and organs

Answer 2

blood flow and blood pressure regulation

Question 3

what is blood pressure related to

Answer 3

cardiac output and peripheral resistance

Question 4

what is cardiac output dependent on

Answer 4

stroke volume and heart rate

Question 5

what is peripheral resistance

Answer 5

the resitance of arteries to blood flow which is influenced by radius and blood flow

Question 6

what is the volume of blood pumped per unit time

Answer 6

cardiac output

Question 7

what is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat

Answer 7

stoke volume

Question 8

how do antihypertensive drugs work

Answer 8

they act by lowering cardiac output or total peripheral resistance or both

Question 9

how are adrenergic receptors classified

Answer 9

alpha and beta receptors and their subtypes

Question 10

the effects of the adrenergic agent on a tissue depend on

Answer 10

localization of the receptor, selectivity of the receptor and the total effect on all the recepts

Question 11

epinephrine has a greater effect on beta 1 or beta 2

Answer 11

beta 1
increased cardiac output and increase in blood pressure

Question 12

norepinephrine has a greater effect on alpha receptors in the arteries or arterioles or beta 1 in the hear

Answer 12

alpha receptrs, increases bp related to increase in peripheral resistance

Question 13

which receptor does norepinephrine have no effect on

Answer 13

beta 2 agonist which effects muscle relaxation, has no usefulness in the treatment of hypotension related to hypersensitivity

Question 14

what adrenergic receptor is located on the SA node?

Answer 14

Beta 1
increases heart rate

Question 15

what adrenergic receptor is located on the atrial vnetricles

Answer 15

beta 1, increases contractility, conuduction velocity
b2 - relaxation

Question 16

what adrenergic receptor is located on the arteries and arterioles

Answer 16

alpha 1 - constriction

Question 17

what adrenergic receptor is located on the veins

Answer 17

alpha 1 - contrsitction
alpha 2 - constriction
beta 2 - dialation

Question 18

what adrenergic receptor is located on the coronary bv

Answer 18

beta 2 - dialation
alpha 1 and 2 - constriction

Question 19

what adrenergic receptor is located on the kidney for renin secretion

Answer 19

beta 1 , increase in renin secretion

Question 20

what is the important homeostatic mechanism in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte compositon

Answer 20

the renin angiotensin - aldosterone system

Question 21

what promotes renin release

Answer 21

beta 1 adrenergic receptor activation in the juxtaglomerular complexw

Question 22

what inhibits renin release

Answer 22

high blood pressure and low sodium level

Question 23

what are the two hormones that maintain blood volume and consequently blood pressure through thier participation in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Answer 23

aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone

Question 24

which renal drug inhibits sodium and chloride symport which increases the release of these drugs in the distal convoluted tubulute

Answer 24

thiazide drugs

Question 25

mineralocorticoid antagonists work by

Answer 25

increasing salt and water excretion and decrease potassium and H+ excretion, hyperkalemi ais the principal risk of MR antagonists

Question 26

what regulates blood pressure

Answer 26

sympathetic nervous system RAAS endocrine system of aldosterone and ADH blood volume fluid retention and excretion

Question 27

peripheral resistance is influenced by

Answer 27

radius and blood flow

Question 28

what are the adrenergic agonists

Answer 28

alpha 1 and 2 beta 1 ,2 , 3

Question 29

what does alpha 1 do and where

Answer 29

causes constriction vascular smooth muscle

Question 30

what does alpha 2 do and where

Answer 30

causes a decreases sympathomimetic activity brain and spinal cord

Question 31

what does beta 1 do and where

Answer 31

increases inotropic contraction and chronotropic rate of the heart releases renin to activate RAAS and causes vasoconstriction of kidney

Question 32

what does beta 2 do and where

Answer 32

causes relacation, vasodilation, bronchodilation in the heart kidney skeletal muscle and lung

Question 33

what does beta 3 do and were

Answer 33

increased fat metabolism in the adipose tissue

Question 34

what adrenergic drugs are non selective agonists and what are their respective receptors

Answer 34

epinephrine for alpha, beta 1 > 2 norepinephrine alpha > beta 1 NO BETA 2

Question 35

what adrenergic drugs are selective agonists and what are their respective receptors

Answer 35

pheylephrine - alpha

Question 36

what adrenergic drugs are non selective antagonists and what are their respective receptors

Answer 36

propranolol - beta 1 and 2 labetalol - alpha, beta 1 and beta 2

Question 37

what adrenergic drugs are selective antagonists and what are their respective receptors

Answer 37

metoprolol - beta 1

Question 38

pressure changes in the cardiovascular system primarily result from

Answer 38

changes in the force of contraction of the heart

Question 39

what is the driving force for blood flow

Answer 39

pressure gradient

Question 40

blood flow is directly proportional to

Answer 40

blood vessul radius and pressure gradeint

Question 41

arteries close to the heart need to be able to compensate for

Answer 41

pressure changes

Question 42

increasing the pressure will have a ___ effect on fluid flwo rate

Answer 42

increase

Question 43

the factor that has the greatest effect on blood flow is

Answer 43

blood vessel radius

Question 44

how does the body increase the blood vessel radius

Answer 44

smooth muscle relaxation

Question 45

where is aldosterone produced

Answer 45

in the adrenal cortex

Question 46

ADH promotes the renal reabsoprtion of

Answer 46

water

Question 47

aldosterone promotes the renal reabsorption of ___ and the secretion of ___

Answer 47

naCL, potassium

Question 48

what will happen to the urine volume when aldosterone is added to the distale tubulue

Answer 48

the urine volume will decrease

Question 49

what wil happen to the urine volume when ADH is added to the collecting duct

Answer 49

the urine volume will decrease

Question 50

what will happen to the urine volume and the urine concentration in the presence of both aldosterone and ADH

Answer 50

the urine volume will decrease and the concentration will increase

Question 51

if there is a signifcant loss of fluid from the body, the kidneys will generate _____ urine

Answer 51

hyperosmotic

Question 52

if you drink a large volume of water, the kidneys will generate ____ urine

Answer 52

hypo-osmotic

Question 53

in response to dehydration, ADH will be released from the

Answer 53

posterior pituitary gland

Question 54

in response to abnormally low plasma osmolality, aldosterone will increase

Answer 54

sodium reabsorption along the distal tubule and the collecting duct

Question 55

if you increase the afferent arteriole radius and keep all other variables constant the flomerular filtration rate would

Answer 55

increaseif you

Question 56

decrease the efferent arteriole radius and keep all other varibales constant, the volume of urine flowing into the urinary bladder would

Answer 56

increase

Question 57

if you increase the efferent arteriole radius and keep all other variables constant, the flomerular filtration rate would

Answer 57

decrease

Question 58

if you decrease the afferent arteriole radius and keep all other varibales constant the volumbe of urine flowing into the urinary bladder would

Answer 58

decrease