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PPI - LAB FINAL > BASIC - LAB 2 > Flashcards

BASIC - LAB 2 Flashcards

1
Q

define sterilization

A

process that KILLS all viable micro-organisms

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2
Q

what is the process that REDUCES the number of viable microorganisms

A

disinfection

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3
Q

what materials are used for disinfection

A

chlorine, glutaraldehyde, and alcohol - 70% isopropul

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4
Q

t or f all materials must be washed and cleaned before serilization and disinfection

A

t

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5
Q

why are preservatives added to pharmaceutical preparations

A

to prevent microbial growth during the manufacturing process and storage

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6
Q

USP chapter ___ defines preservative and describes the procedure for testing antimicrobial effectiveness for various product categories

A

51

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7
Q

_____ selectively interfere with the growth of microorganisms while ideally causing little or no damage to the host and used to treat susceptibe infections

A

abx

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8
Q

why are antibiotic sensitivity tests important

A

because not all abx are appropriate to use for all infections

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9
Q

abx sensitivity testing allows

A

to choose the appropriate abx for an infection and to detect resistant strains

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10
Q

the lowest concentration that inhibits microbial growth is known as

A

minimum inhibitory concentration

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11
Q

the ____ is used to test the sensitivity of the causative bacteria to several abx

A

kirby bauer sensitivity test

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12
Q

explain how the kirby bauer sensitivity test works

A

a disc is saturated with mic of a abx and placed on a bacterial plate

the sensitivity of the bacteria is determined based on the measured zone of growth inhibition

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13
Q

what is the universal first step for classifying bacteria

A

the gram stain

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14
Q

which type of bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall and retain the primary crystal stain - APPEAR VIOLET

A

gram POSITIVE

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of gram NEGATIVE bacteria

A

higher lipid content, appear PINK due to restaining with safranin

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16
Q

what are examples of basal media

A

tryptic soy agar and nutrient media

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17
Q

what are characteristics of basal media

A

they contain basic nutrients required for bacterial growth

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18
Q

what is enriched media

A

adding blood, vitamins and other nutritional components to basal meia for FASTIDOUS ORGANISM

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19
Q

define fastidious

A

means that the organism has a specific nutrient requirement for growth that is not present in basal media

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20
Q

define differential media

A

contains additional components used to differentiate between microorganisms

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21
Q

what are used in media to distinguish between lactose fermenters adn non fermenters

A

lactose and pH indicators

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22
Q

______ in the presence of pH indicator is used to distinguish between staph aureus and other staphylococci

A

mannitol fermentation

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23
Q

selective media contains components that _____ growth of some microorganisms but not others

A

suppresses

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24
Q

___ and ____ are used for the selective growth of gram negative bacteria

A

crystal violet , bile salts

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25
Q

high concentration of _______ is used for selective staphylococci growth

A

sodium chloride

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26
Q

what are considered selective-differential media?

A

mannitol salt agar and macconkey agar

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27
Q

what selective differential media is used to detext H2S bacteria like shigella and salmonella

A

hektoen enteric agar

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28
Q

what are some methods of sterilization?

A

heat (autoclaving), filtration, radiation

29
Q

when is sterilization an appropriate method of bacterial control?

A

contact with sterile body fluids, surgery, and injection

30
Q

when is disinfection an appropriate method of bacterial control?

A

prevent contaminiation, person to person, prevent baterial transfer, can’t completely kill

31
Q

antibiotics are used to ____ microbial growth

A

prevent and limit

32
Q

why must antimicrobial effectiveness be demonstrated in multi dose formulations

A

multidose exposed to antibacterial growth more than a single dose

33
Q

how many categories are there for abx product effectiveness?

A

4

34
Q

what is the product description for category 1

A

injections, other parenterals including emulsions, otic products, sterile nasal products, and opthalmic products made with aqueous bases or vehicles

35
Q

what is the product description for category 2

A

topically used products made with aqueous bases or vehicles , nonsterile nasal products, and emulsions including those applied to mucous membranes

36
Q

what is the product descriptio for category 3

A

oral products other than anatacids made with aqueous bases or vehicles

37
Q

what is the product description for category 4

A

antacids made with an aqueous base

38
Q

what are the three major bacterial classifications

A

spore formation, biochemical reactions and serological reactions

39
Q

which bacterial are spherical shaped

A

staphylococci, streptococci, nesseria

40
Q

which bacteria are rod shaped

A

bacilli

41
Q

gram positive bacteria are what color under staining

A

violet

42
Q

gram negative bacteria stain what color

A

red

43
Q

what kind of bacteria do not stain

A

mycobacteria

44
Q

why don’t acid fast bacteria stain

A

they have mycolic acid in the outer layer, waxy and can’t retain stain

45
Q

how can we get myco bacteria to retain stain

A

pre treatment with heat or detergent before they will accept a stain

46
Q

what color do acid fast bacteria appear because they resist decolorization

A

red

47
Q

what are the steps and elements used in gram staining

A

crystal violent
iodine
decolorizer like alcohol
safranin - counter stain

48
Q

obligate aerobes ____ oxygen for energy production

A

need

49
Q

what is an example of an obligate aerobe

A

mycobacterium tb

50
Q

obligate anaerobes ____ grow at atomospheric oxygen concentrations

A

cannot

51
Q

what are examples of the obligate anaerobes

A

bacteroides, clostridium

52
Q

what are examples of facultative anaerobes

A

staphylococcus, streptococcus, e coli

53
Q

certain bacteria have a ___ for special media such as sucross, lactor or mannitol

A

requirement

54
Q

nutrient broth/agar are used for

A

routine cultivation of microorganisms

55
Q

t or f all strains of bacteria grow well in nutrient broth and agar

A

false, some strains may grow poorly or fail to grow

56
Q

blood agar detects

A

hemolytic activity

57
Q

chocolate agar detects

A

haemophilus influenza

58
Q

____ bacteria have a complex nutritional requirement and only grow when provided with specific nutrients

A

fastidious

59
Q

what bacteria utilizes mannitol

A

staphylococci aureus

60
Q

what bacteria is used for detect e coli and enterobacteria

A

lactose

61
Q

___ detect pH change as a result of fermentation of carbohydrates

A

pH indicators

62
Q

____ is utilized by H2s producing bacteria such as enterobacteria, clostridia

A

sodium thiosulfate

63
Q

___ contains components that suppress growth of some bacteria but not others

A

selective media

64
Q

______ prevents the growth of gram positive bacteria

A

crystal violet

65
Q

bile salts prevent the growth of _____ bacteria

A

positive

66
Q

_____ prevent the growth of gram negative bacteria

A

high sodium chloride concentrations

67
Q

antibiotics prevents the growth of

A

susceptible bacteria

68
Q

the zone of inhibition si when there is

A

no bacterial growth

69
Q
A

PPI - LAB FINAL (7 decks)

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