Basic & Innate immunity Pt.2

Question 1

Acquired immunity

Answer 1

Highly specific target of an antigen (a part of a pathogen)

• slow to develop (hrs->days)
• lymphocytes (Bcells, Tcells)
  1. ) Humoral
  2. ) cell mediated

Question 2

What are the four chemical mediators that are spilled/ degranulated by mast cells during trauma.

Answer 2

1. ) histamine
2. ) pyrogen
3. ) chemotaxins
4. ) cytokines

Question 3

Histamine

Answer 3

Causes vasodilation sending more blood to the area.

Makes blood vessels leaky allowing white blood cells migrate from the blood into the tissue.

Question 4

Chemotaxins

Answer 4

Attracts neutrophils and macrophages from the blood to the area of injury

Question 5

Pyrogens

Answer 5

Increases the temperature (fever/heat)

• it’s released during degranulation
• more degranulation = more Pyrogen= higher fever

Question 6

If there is a bad infection, degranulation will be high & pyrogen levels increase. What will the brain do when this happens?

Answer 6

Reset the thermostat based on the levels of pyrogen

Question 7

Cytokines

Answer 7

“Permission” molecules that allow certain immune to do their job or for certain immune processes to proceed.

• cytokines allow monocytes to turn into macrophages
• Cytokines allow neutrophils to do phagocytosis

Question 8

Complement

Answer 8

A collection of plasma proteins that are activated when there is an inflammatory response

Question 9

Innate immunity

Answer 9

Inflammatory Rapid response that is nonspecific which aims to eat any pathogen
Contains...
-mast cells 
- neutrophils
-monocytes> macrophage 
-chemical mediators

Question 10

What is the role of complement in innate immunity?

Answer 10

When complement gets activated it creates cylindrical holes in the membrane.
This makes anything move in and out including water which leads to the membrane rupturing

Question 11

What is the end game of complement?

Answer 11

To create nonspecific holes in foreign membranes with the help of MAC.

Question 12

MAC =?

Answer 12

Membrane Attack Complex

Question 13

What is MAC best against?

Answer 13

G- bacteria
Envelope viruses
-does not work well on Gram+ bacteria due to the amount of peptidoglycan

Question 14

Complement can only work on exposed membranes such as?

Answer 14

G- bacteria

Envelope viruses

Question 15

Why is it best for complement to fight against exposed membranes such as gram-negative bacteria and envelope viruses?

Answer 15

Because in order to attack, the pathogen needs an outer membrane in order to make a creation of holes by MAC