Basic information processing Flashcards
What is information processing?
Information processing is where you make decisions based on gathering information(stimuli) from your senses, such as what you see and hear
You prioritise the important stimuli to make a suitable decision
Input
The information received from your senses via selective attention
What is selective attention?
When you focus on the important information.
When performing a skill there can be a lot of information around you.
You have little time to select the relevant information such as the speed and direction of the ball and ignore the irrelevant such as the noise from the crowd.
Decision making
The selection of an appropriate response using the information (input) and what is stored in the long-term memory
What does the term long-term memory mean?
This is information that has been rehearsed and stored for future reference.
The more you practice, the more information about a skill or technique is stored in the memory and can be recalled in the future
What does the term short-term memory?
This only lasts for a few seconds.
It is a working memory you use while completing a skill
e.g. attention to your opponent’s position when passing the ball in rugby
Output
The information you send to your muscles to carry out the response
Feedback
A review of your response this can be intrinsic or extrinsic
What does the term intrinsic feedback mean?
Is within the performer, they understand how the movement feels from feedback from the muscles
A footballer may understand why a skill was performed badly
What does the term extrinsic feedback mean?
Is feedback from outside the performer, it is important as someone watching the skill can observe and explain what needs to be done to correct it.
A coach could give you feedback about a skill
Sporting example: a miss-kick in football
Input: The player uses selective attention, sees the ball coming towards him, he looks at the ball and the players around him
Decision making: From past experience in the long-term memory he decides what position to get in and when to move the body
Output: He moves back into position and swings his foot at the ball
Feedback: He misses the ball. He received intrinsic feedback as his non-kicking foot was too close leaving him unbalanced so missed the ball
Sporting example: KO punch in boxing
Input: A boxer sees that his opponent has his guard down, the boxer throws a right hand at his opponent
Decision making: From past experience in the long-term memory he decides what position to get into and when and how to throw the punch
Output: He moves into position ready to throw a right hand punch
Feedback: He successfully knocked out his opponent. He received intrinsic feedback on how the movement felt and the position of himself and his opponent.
