Basic Immunology

Question 1

When macrophages eat, they make signaling proteins that are called what?

Answer 1

Cytokines

Question 2

What proteins are always in the blood?

Answer 2

Compliment proteins

Question 3

In order for the immune system to do its job it must be able to do what two things?

Answer 3

• Recognize “self” from “non-self”

- Know what’s dangerous and what’s not

Question 4

What term means to “prepare for eating”?

Answer 4

Opsonization

Question 5

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 5

• Spleen
• Tonsils
• Appendix
• Lymph nodes

Question 6

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 6

• Bone Marrow

- Thymus

Question 7

What are the types of T-cells

Answer 7

• Killer T cells
• Helper T cells
• Regulatory T cells

Question 8

How many T-cells are there?

Answer 8

3

Question 9

What are the 5 classes of antibodies?

Answer 9

• IgG
• IgA
• IgM
• IgE
• IgD

Question 10

How many classes of antibodies are there?

Answer 10

5

Question 11

What are the two types if immunity?

Answer 11

• Active

- Passive

Question 12

With this type of immunity, you are given the immunity response from mother to child or from blood transfusion

Answer 12

Passive Immunity

Question 13

What are the two types of immune systems?

Answer 13

• Innate Immune System

- Adaptive Immune System

Question 14

With this type of immunity, you make the immune response through vaccination or exposure.

Answer 14

Active Immunity

Question 15

Where are neutrophils developed?

Answer 15

Bone Marrow

Question 16

what signals other immune cells that there is a battle going on and attracts other “professional Phagocytes” from blood to infected tissue to help out?

Answer 16

Cytokines

Question 17

What migrates to the site of infection within a few hours of the entry of microbes.

Answer 17

Neutrophils

Question 18

What components make up the Innate Immune system?

Answer 18

• Physical and Chemical Barriers (such as the skin)
• Phagocytic Cells
• Blood Proteins (Complement proteins)
• Cytokines

Question 19

Examples of this type of immune disorder include Lukemia and lymphoma.

Immune system is overactive and cannot shut down.

Answer 19

Immune Proliferation

Question 20

Examples of this immune disorder include lupus, diabetes, cancer and Allergy

Immune system attacks itself

Answer 20

Immune Aberration

Question 21

Examples of this immune disorder include HIV, Bruton’s, and Bubble Boy

Lack of an immune system

Answer 21

Immune Deficiency

Question 22

Blood contains three major types of cells that float in the liquid plasma. What are they?

Answer 22

• Red Blood Cells
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets

Question 23

What waits in the tissue under the skin; engulfs invading bacterium and destroys it?

Answer 23

Macrophage

Question 24

What makes up 20% - 25% of the total WBC count and are very important because they provide immunologic “memory”?

Answer 24

Lymphocytes

Question 25

Along with the neutrophils, they also serve as the first line of defense against infection and perform the same functions as monocytes

Answer 25

Macrophage

Question 26

WBC found in very small numbers in circulating blood and nasal secreations.

Answer 26

Basophils

Question 27

make up 60 - 70% of WBC and are part of the organism's first line of defense against infection

Answer 27

Neutrophils

Question 28

These lymphocytes mature in the Thymus and are responsible for cell mediated immunity?

Answer 28

T- Lymphocytes

Question 29

Mature in the bone marrow and are found in the blood stream?

Answer 29

B - Lymphocytes

Question 30

Specialize in presenting parts of the organisims to other cells in the immune system, such as T cells, and are thus known as "antigen presenting cells"

Answer 30

Monocytes

Question 31

When an allergen binds to and cross-links the IgE, the __________ releases chemical mediators from its granules

Answer 31

Mast Cell

Question 32

The __________ immune system is the sytem that is always ready and does not need to depend upon specific recognition.

Answer 32

The Innate Immune System

Question 33

What is the process of engulfing bacteria and taking it inside a macrophage for destruction and breakdown?

Answer 33

Phagocytosis

Question 34

make up 1 - 3% of WBC's and are increased in allergic disorders and parasite infections.

Answer 34

Eosinophils

Question 35

The _________ system is made up of a number of protien that circulate in the body and are harmless until they are activated and attach to bacteria. Once they attach they either punch holes in the cell membrane or make it easier for the phagocytic cells to engulf and destry the cell

Answer 35

Complement

Question 36

How long do macrophages stay in the blood stream before patrolling the body's tissues

Answer 36

3 Days

Question 37

Once a T-cell becomes excited and multiplies it goes through a process called what??

Answer 37

Colonal Expansion

Question 38

How many protiens is a T-cell designed to recognize?

Answer 38

One

Question 39

What type of T-cell directs the immune response by sending out various signals which help other cells get excited about defending the body?

Answer 39

Helper T-cells

Question 40

Which type of T-cell kills abnormal host cells?

Answer 40

Killer T-cells or Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 41

Which immune system is the body's first line of defense against infection?

Answer 41

Innate Immune System

Question 42

Which antibody created by the B-cell is the first antibody produced?

Answer 42

IgM

Question 43

Which antibody created by the B-cell is found in the highest quantities int eh blood stream?

Answer 43

IgG

Question 44

Which antibody created by the B-cell is the allergic antibody?

Answer 44

IgE