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Immunology > Basic Immunology > Flashcards

Basic Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

When macrophages eat, they make signaling proteins that are called what?

A

Cytokines

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2
Q

What proteins are always in the blood?

A

Compliment proteins

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3
Q

In order for the immune system to do its job it must be able to do what two things?

A
  • Recognize “self” from “non-self”

- Know what’s dangerous and what’s not

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4
Q

What term means to “prepare for eating”?

A

Opsonization

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5
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs?

A
  • Spleen
  • Tonsils
  • Appendix
  • Lymph nodes
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6
Q

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

A
  • Bone Marrow

- Thymus

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7
Q

What are the types of T-cells

A
  • Killer T cells
  • Helper T cells
  • Regulatory T cells
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8
Q

How many T-cells are there?

A

3

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9
Q

What are the 5 classes of antibodies?

A
  • IgG
  • IgA
  • IgM
  • IgE
  • IgD
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10
Q

How many classes of antibodies are there?

A

5

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11
Q

What are the two types if immunity?

A
  • Active

- Passive

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12
Q

With this type of immunity, you are given the immunity response from mother to child or from blood transfusion

A

Passive Immunity

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13
Q

What are the two types of immune systems?

A
  • Innate Immune System

- Adaptive Immune System

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14
Q

With this type of immunity, you make the immune response through vaccination or exposure.

A

Active Immunity

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15
Q

Where are neutrophils developed?

A

Bone Marrow

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16
Q

what signals other immune cells that there is a battle going on and attracts other “professional Phagocytes” from blood to infected tissue to help out?

A

Cytokines

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17
Q

What migrates to the site of infection within a few hours of the entry of microbes.

A

Neutrophils

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18
Q

What components make up the Innate Immune system?

A
  • Physical and Chemical Barriers (such as the skin)
  • Phagocytic Cells
  • Blood Proteins (Complement proteins)
  • Cytokines
19
Q

Examples of this type of immune disorder include Lukemia and lymphoma.

Immune system is overactive and cannot shut down.

A

Immune Proliferation

20
Q

Examples of this immune disorder include lupus, diabetes, cancer and Allergy

Immune system attacks itself

A

Immune Aberration

21
Q

Examples of this immune disorder include HIV, Bruton’s, and Bubble Boy

Lack of an immune system

A

Immune Deficiency

22
Q

Blood contains three major types of cells that float in the liquid plasma. What are they?

A
  • Red Blood Cells
  • White Blood Cells
  • Platelets
23
Q

What waits in the tissue under the skin; engulfs invading bacterium and destroys it?

A

Macrophage

24
Q

What makes up 20% - 25% of the total WBC count and are very important because they provide immunologic “memory”?

A

Lymphocytes

25
Q

Along with the neutrophils, they also serve as the first line of defense against infection and perform the same functions as monocytes

A

Macrophage

26
Q

WBC found in very small numbers in circulating blood and nasal secreations.

A

Basophils

27
Q

make up 60 - 70% of WBC and are part of the organism’s first line of defense against infection

A

Neutrophils

28
Q

These lymphocytes mature in the Thymus and are responsible for cell mediated immunity?

A

T- Lymphocytes

29
Q

Mature in the bone marrow and are found in the blood stream?

A

B - Lymphocytes

30
Q

Specialize in presenting parts of the organisims to other cells in the immune system, such as T cells, and are thus known as “antigen presenting cells”

A

Monocytes

31
Q

When an allergen binds to and cross-links the IgE, the __________ releases chemical mediators from its granules

A

Mast Cell

32
Q

The __________ immune system is the sytem that is always ready and does not need to depend upon specific recognition.

A

The Innate Immune System

33
Q

What is the process of engulfing bacteria and taking it inside a macrophage for destruction and breakdown?

A

Phagocytosis

34
Q

make up 1 - 3% of WBC’s and are increased in allergic disorders and parasite infections.

A

Eosinophils

35
Q

The _________ system is made up of a number of protien that circulate in the body and are harmless until they are activated and attach to bacteria. Once they attach they either punch holes in the cell membrane or make it easier for the phagocytic cells to engulf and destry the cell

A

Complement

36
Q

How long do macrophages stay in the blood stream before patrolling the body’s tissues

A

3 Days

37
Q

Once a T-cell becomes excited and multiplies it goes through a process called what??

A

Colonal Expansion

38
Q

How many protiens is a T-cell designed to recognize?

A

One

39
Q

What type of T-cell directs the immune response by sending out various signals which help other cells get excited about defending the body?

A

Helper T-cells

40
Q

Which type of T-cell kills abnormal host cells?

A

Killer T-cells or Cytotoxic T-cells

41
Q

Which immune system is the body’s first line of defense against infection?

A

Innate Immune System

42
Q

Which antibody created by the B-cell is the first antibody produced?

A

IgM

43
Q

Which antibody created by the B-cell is found in the highest quantities int eh blood stream?

A

IgG

44
Q

Which antibody created by the B-cell is the allergic antibody?

A

IgE

Immunology (14 decks)

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