Basic: Globalisation Flashcards
Globalisation
The interconnection which is the intensified movement of goods, money, technology, information, people, ideas and cultural practices across political and cultural boundaries.
Colonialism
Where the culture itself is damaged
Imperialism
A country which forces its way of doing things on another nations state.
Reverse colonialism
The process in which cultural norms and values from non-western societies are conforming into the western ways.
Cultural homogenisation
A process where if globalisation continues, the world will become culturally emerged into one
Cultural defence
Refers to the idea that as various groups recognise that their cultural practices are at risk due to cultural homogenisation. They protect and reinforce their own culture to ensure they remain distinct.
Micro Scale
The individual response to the macro scale.
Macro scale
The overall movement of conforming to and following rules.
Social intuition
A community where individuals unite. i.e schools.
Digital revolution
The massive and rapid advances in technology.
Digital social world
Refers to activity online in which people communicate with each other.
The Global Village
The world considered as a single community linked by telecommunications.
Virtual communities
A social network of individuals who connect through specific social media. i.e Instagram,
Media convergence
Having one device that runs several functions from it. i.e a phone could be used to listen to music, watch movies, play games, communicate and more.
Social Media
Refers to any form of digitally based platform for making, conforming or developing social networks which have a global reach.
GloCalisation
Different countries and regions customise their globalisation.
McDonaldisation
Refers to the idea that life is adopting the business practices of the McDonalds fast food chain. This is success through efficiency, calculability, predictability, technological control.
Waters (2001) definition of Globalisation
A social process in which the constraints if geography on economics, political, social and cultural arrangements recede and people become increasingly aware of this and at accordingly.
Robertson (1992)
Argues that there are 5 historical phases of globalisation:
- Germinal: 1400-1802
-Incipient: 1750-1802
-“Take off”: 1870-1920
-Struggle for Hegemony: 1920s-1960s
-Uncertainty: 1960s-1990s
+Strengths: Gives evidence of when and where these phrases are used.
+Weakness: Doesn’t explain what happened before the “germinal”.
Seakbrook (2005)
There are 3 main responses to the process of globalisation:
- Fatalism = the feeling that we are powerless to alter globalisation, that our national identity will be worn away whatever we do.
- Welcoming = the feeling that a global culture will be good for economic prosperity and will make the world more homogenous.
- Resistance = The idea that local identities are maintained or that and national identities or fundamentalisms become stronger.
Giddens (2002)
Would agree that globalisation is nit a one way process from western civilisation to the rest of the world.
He suggests that globalisation is now characterised by “reverse colonialism”.
Assumptions of Globalisation:
- A positive process.
- Occurs everywhere; at an even pace.
- Results in cultural homogenisation.
- Is only an economic or political or cultural process.
- It results in social changes towards postmodern characteristics such as individualism and choice.
Problem with defining Globalisation:
- Results in marginalisation and exclusion.
- Occurs different rates in different places.
- Brought people to spread out all over the world with similar or unique cultural characteristics tighter to protect their rights and culture.
- Affects all these different areas of social life in different ways.
- To defend themselves against change, as a form of cultural resistance.
Development in digital forms of communication:
- The digital revolution
- The global village
- Virtual communities
- Social media
- Media convergence
- Digital social network
- Network global society
