Basic First Aid Flashcards
How do you treat cuts and grazes?
1 Wash the wound gently with water and soap to prevent infection. Use a clean cloth to gently remove any dirt from the wound.
2 Press a clean pad or tissue onto the wound to stop the bleeding.
3 Cover the wound with a plaster or bandage.
4 Check the wound regularly. Leave the plaster off as soon as possible as a scab which is a covering of dry blood forms.
5 See a doctor if the cut is deep or long or if the bleeding doesn’t stop.
How do you treat burns and scalds?
1 Run cold tap water for about ten minutes over the burnt area as soon as possible. The sooner you do this the quicker it will heal.
2 If running tap water is not available, submerge or dip the burnt area in a bucket of clean, cool water,or soak a cloth in water and hold it against the burn
3 If the burn or scald is big and serious go to a doctor.
How do you treat sunburn?
If you spend too long in the sun, your an get severe sunburn especially if your skin is pale.
1 Take a cool bath or put a damp cool towel on the burnt area.
2 If blisters form don’t burst them.
How do you treat bruises?
A bruise is an injury to the soft tissue caused by a fall or a blow. It is usually dark blue or purple bruises will heal untreated but first aid can speed up the process.
1 Ice the area regularly for the first 24 h -48 h
2 apply an ice pack or crushed ice wrapped in a dish clothor towel for about 15 minutes every hour.
3 Raise the area above the heart, so that blood flows down.
4 If The pain and swelling are extreme, see a doctor
How do you treat stings and bites?
Be hornet and wasp stings are normally not serious, but they can be very painful.
1 Remove the sting (the poisonous tell that to be leaves behind) ,if you can see it. Do this by brushing or scraping it sideways with your fingernail or bank card or a knife.
2 Put an ice pack on to the sting.
How do you treat snake bites?
Some venomous snakes can be serious, but most snakes are not venomous.
1 Try to memorise what the snake looks like.
2 Stay calm and keep the patient as still as possible.
3 Take the patient to a hospital or clinic as soon as possible.
4 If possible contact the hospital on the way with a description of the snake so they can get the correct anti venom (medicine to fight snake poison).
Do you not cut or suck the wound.
Do not give the patient anything to eat or drink.
How to deal with poisoning?
Young children are at the greatest risk of accidental poisoning. A child might drink from a bottle of paraffin or detergent because she thinks it is a colourful cool drink.
1 To prevent this, keep all cleaning products out of reach of young children. Preferably lock them away in cupboards that are high.
2 If someone eats or drinks something poisonous,find out what the poison is. If the person cannot tell you, you may see the bottle or packet nearby.
3 As soon as possible, call for an ambulance and phone a doctor or clinic for advice. Do not make the patient vomit unless advised to do so by a doctor.
4 If the patient is unconscious, gently roll him onto his back and tilt his head to clear his airway.
5 Stretch his left arm to his side, place right hand on his chest, and then gently tilt him onto his left side. This is known as the recovery position.
Do not make the person vomit when they have swallowed bleach.
6 Give the person sips of water or milk to drink. Wipe any bleach from his mouth or skin.
7 If the person took an overdose of drugs in tablet form, do you not give him water because this dissolves more of the substance in the stomach and allows more of it to go into the bloodstream.
8 Take the bottle of poison or tablets with you to the hospital. If the person has been sick, bring some of his vomit with you so it can be analysed.
How to deal with mild choking?
Sometimes an object like a piece of food can get stuck stuck at the back of someone’s throat, blocking the airway and causing the person to choke. The obstruction must be cleared as soon as possible to allow the person to breath. If someone has a mild obstruction, he will find it difficult to breathe, but will still be able to speak, cry, cough and breeze. Encouraged him to cough. This should help to clear the obstruction.
How do you deal with a mild obstruction?
If someone has a severe obstruction, he will not be able to speak, cry, cough or breathe.
1 First hit the person firmly in the middle of his back five times, using the heel of your hand. Aim for the spot between his shoulder blades.
2 Stand behind the person, place a clenched fist above the persons naval( belly button, )grasp your fist with the other hand and pull inwards and upwards. Check the mouth quickly for obstructions after thrust.
3 If these five thrusts do you not clear the obstruction, shout for help. Try to stay calm, and continue with blows to the back and abdominal thrusts until help arrives.
