BASIC FIRST AID

Question 1

Sequence to Examining Injured Person

Answer 1

 Airway
 Breathing
 Circulation
 Disability
 Expose

Question 2

Reason for Not Moving Injured Person

Answer 2

Careless/rough handling not only increases seriousness of injury but may also cause death

Question 3

Signs & Symptoms of Shock

Answer 3

 pulse weak and rapid
breathing shallow, rapid & irregular
face, arms & legs feel cold to touch
sweating
very pale
pupils dilated
thirsty
weakness
faintness/dizziness
nausea
restlessness, frightened, anxiety

Question 4

Treatment for Shock

Answer 4

 Keep patient calm
 Moisten lips/give small amounts of warm water w/ 1 tsp salt
keep patient warm
place injured person on back on bed, cot/stretcher, should raise lower end of support about 12in so feet are higher than head

Question 5

Why should you not give unconscious person anything

by mouth?

Answer 5

victim may vomit & get some of material into his lungs when he breathes, causing choking.

Question 6

3 Types of Bleeding

Answer 6

 Capillary
•	blood is brick red
•	oozes out slowly
Veinous
•	dark red
•	steady flow
 Arterial
•	gushes out in spurts
•	steady stream
•	bright red in color

Question 7

4 Methods for Controlling Bleeding

Answer 7

 Direct Pressure
 Elevation
 Indirect Pressure
 Tourniquet

Question 8

Pressure Points

Answer 8

22

Question 9

Symptoms of Sucking Chest Wound

Answer 9

 gasp for breath
bluish skin color to face
frothy-looking blood may bubble from wound during breathing

Question 10

Treatment of Sucking Chest Wound

Answer 10

 Immediately seal wound w/ hand/any
airtight material available
 Firmly tape material in place w/strips of adhesive tape & secure w/ pressure dressing
• Note: if victim’s condition suddenly deteriorates when you apply seal, remove it immediately
 Give victim oxygen if available & know how to use it
 Lay victim on stretcher on affected side
 Watch victim closely for sign of shock & treat accordingly
 Do not give victims w/ chest injuries anything to drink
 Transport victim to MTF immediately

Question 11

Treatment of Suspected Spinal Injury

Answer 11

 Do not move victim unless absolutely
essential
 Victim must be transported lying flat on his back w/face up
do not put pillows/padding under neck/head
 Use firm support in transporting victim
 Hold injured person by clothing; then slide/pull victim onto support
 Do not attempt to lift victim unless you have adequate assistance

Question 12

4 Degrees of Burns

Answer 12

 FIRST – mildest, redness, increased
warmth, tenderness & mild pain
 SECOND – redden & blister skin
 THIRD – destroy skin, muscle tissue
 FOURTH – burns all the way through to tissue and bone in severe cases

Question 13

Treatment of White Phosphorous Burns

Answer 13

 Superficial burns caused by simple skin
Contact/burning clothes can be flushed w/ water & treated like thermal burns
 Partially embedded white phosphorous particles must be continuously flushed with water while first-aider removes them w/ whatever tools are available, such as tweezers & needle-nose pliers
 Firmly/deeply embedded particles that cannot be removed by first-aider must be covered w/ saline-soaked dressing, w/c must be kept wet until victim reaches medical personnel
 When rescuing victims form closed space where white phosphorous is burning, protect lungs w/ wet cloth over nose & mouth.

Question 14

Treatment of Chemical Burn on Arm

Answer 14

 Begin flushing area immediately w/ large
Amounts of water using shower/hose when available
 Dry lime should be brushed from skin & clothing, unless large amounts of water are available for rapid & complete flushing
 Acid burns caused by phenol, wash affected area w/ alcohol because phenol is not water soluble

Question 15

Treatment of Chemical Burn to Eyes

Answer 15

 Flush immediately w/ large amounts of
fresh, clean water
 Acid burns should at least be flushed for 20 mins
 Because of intense pain, victim may be unable to open eyes.

Question 16

Symptoms of Heat Cramps

Answer 16

 Excessive sweating may result in painful

heat cramps in muscles of abdomen, legs & arms

Question 17

Treatment of Heat Cramps

Answer 17

 Move person to cool place
 Give victim plenty of water to drink adding about 1tsp of salt to quart of water
 Apply manual pressure to cramped muscle/gently massage muscle to relieve spasm
 In event that heat cramps do not pass/become severe, other symptoms may follow & victim should be treated as heat exhaustion casualty & then transferred to medical facility for treatment.

Question 18

Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion

Answer 18

 Weakness, fatigue, headache, loss of
Appetite & nausea
 Ashen gray appearance
 Skin is cold, moist & clammy
 Pupils dilated
 Vital signs normal; however, victim may have weak pulse , together w/ rapid & shallow breathin

Question 19

Treatment of Heat Exhaustion

Answer 19

 Care for victim as if he were in shock
 Move victim to cool/air-conditioned area
 Loosen clothing, applying cool wet cloths to head, axilla, groin & ankles, & fan victim
 Do not allow victim to become chilled
 When victim is conscious, give him solution of 1 tsp salt dissolved in qt of cool water
 If victim vomits, do not give anymore fluids
 Transport victim to MTF asa

Question 20

Symptoms of Heat Stroke

Answer 20

 Extremely high body temp (105 F +)
 Headache, nausea, dizziness/weakness
 Deep breathing & rapid at 1st; later its shallow & almost absent
 Usually victim is flushed, very dry & very hot
 Constricted pupils
Fast & strong pulse

Question 21

Treatment of Heat Stroke

Answer 21

 Move victim to coolest possible place,
remove as much clothing as possible
 Body heat can be reduced quickly by immersing victim in cold-water bath
 When cold-water bath is not possible, give victim sponge bath by applying wet, cold towels to whole body
 Exposing victim to fan/aircon also promoted body cooling
 When cold packs available, place under arms, around neck, ankles & groin.
 When victim is conscious, give cool water to drink
 Because of seriousness of heatstroke, it is important to get victim to MTF asap
 Cooling measures must be continued during transpo.

Question 22

Heat Casualty Prevention

Answer 22

Sweat must be replaced ounce for ounce

Question 23

Immersion Foot

Answer 23

 Cold injury resulting from prolonged

exposure to wet, cold temperatures just above freezing

Question 24

Treatment of Immersion Foot

Answer 24

 Get victim off his feet asap
 Remove wet shoes, socks, & gloves to improves circulation
 Do not rupture blisters/apply salvages/ointments
 Feet may be cleansed carefully w/soap & water, dried, elevated & exposed to dry air

Question 25

Frostbite

Answer 25

 occurs when ice crystals form in

Skin/deeper tissues after exposure to temperatures of 32F/low

Question 26

Classifications of Frostbite

Answer 26

 Superficial

 Deep

Question 27

Treatment of Deep Frostbite

Answer 27

 Make no attempt to thaw when
Refreezing is possible
 Boots & clothing frozen on body should be thawed by immersing them in warm water before removal
 Rapidly re-warm frozen areas by immersion in water at 100F to 105F
 Never rub

Question 28

Hypothermia

Answer 28

 Shivering
 Listlessness, drowsiness & confusion
 Unconsciousness may follow quickly
 Signs of shock
 Death

Question 29

Cold Injury Prevention

Answer 29

 Acclimatization, availability of warm,

Layered clothing & maintenance of good discipline & training standards are important factors

Question 30

Symptoms of Joint Dislocation

Answer 30

Rapid swelling
Discoloration
Loss of ability to use joint
Severe pain
Muscle spasms
Possible numbness
Loss of pulse below joint
Shock

Question 31

Treatment of Joint Dislocation

Answer 31

 Loosen clothing around injured part
 Place victim in most comfortable position possible
 Support injured part by means of sling, pillows, bandages, splints & any other device that will make victim comfortable.
 Treat victim for shock
 Get medical help asap

Question 32

Sprain

Answer 32

Emergency care includes application of

Cold packs for 1st 24 – 48 hrs to reduce swelling & to control internal hemorrhage

Question 33

Stinger

Answer 33

 Scrape along skin w/ dull knife

 Dull blade will catch stinger & pull it out