Basic Elements of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Study of the structure of an organism
anatomy
study of the function of a living organism and its components
Physiology
5 systems of verbal communication
nervous, respiratory, articulatory-resonatory, auditory, phonatory
system that makes up the structures of the face, mouth, and nose
articulatory-resonatory
system that includes the larynx and resonatory system
phonatory system
______ ______ are often named by the insertion and origin of the tissue (where it begins and ends)
connective tissues
towards the head
superior/rostral
towards the feet
inferior/caudal
towards the body
proximal
away from the body
distal
towards the middle
medial
away from the middle/to the side
lateral
towards the front of the body
anterior/ventral
towards the back of the body
posterior/dorsal
dividing the body in left and right parts (between the eyes)
sagittal plane
dividing the body from front to back (cutting off whole face)
coronal plane
Divides the upper and lower parts (eyes in one half, mouth in the other)
Horizontal plane
term meaning “confined to the surface”
superficial
term meaning “closer to the central axis of the body”
deep
term meaning “lying on the belly”
prone
term meaning “lying on the back”
supine
term meaning “chest region”
thorax
term meaning “the region that houses the digestive organs”
abdomen
term meaning “the combination of the thorax and the abdomen”
Trunk/torso
four types of tissues
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
The superficial layer of mucous membranes and the cells that make up the skin
epithelial tissue
Binds together and supports tissues and organs - provides structure
Connective tissue
type of connective tissue that includes areolar tissue (adipose and lymphoid) and fibrous tissue (binds structures together)
Connective Tissue Proper
type of connective tissue that includes hyaline, fibrocartilage, and yellow (elastic) cartilage
cartilage
type of connective tissue that does not contain tissue and has plasma and blood cells
blood
the hardest form of connective tissue
bone
Type of tissue that can contract
muscular tissue
classification of muscular tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement
voluntary striated muscle (skeletal muscle)
classification of muscular tissue located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus, and arteries
Involuntary smooth muscle
classification of muscular tissue that is specific to the heart
cardiac muscle
Type of tissue that regulates and controls bodily functions and activity
nervous/neural tissue
proves a protective barrier, keeping whatever it is covering from seeping out and foreign materials from getting in. lines nearly all the cavities of the body and the tubes that connect them
epithelial tissue
hairlike projections that can cause currents or waves in fluids and can help to move things in the body
cilia
Cilia may be present in what type of tissue
epithelial tissue
epithelial tissues are generally classified by the shape of their cells into what 4 categories
simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified
term that means “membrane that surrounds organs”
fascia
type of fascia that surrounds muscle
perimysium
term for highly mobile joints, the cavities of which contain lubricating fluid and the bones of which are covered with hyaline cartilage.
synovial joints
Muscles can shorten to about ___ of their length (contract)
half
A muscle’s ____ is the point of attachment of least mobility
origin
A muscle’s _____ is the point of the attachment that moves when a muscle contracts
insertion
When you perform a bicep curl, the biceps will by the _____ as it contracts to produce the movement. The term _____ means “the primary mover”
agonist
When you perform a bicep curl, the tricep will be the ______ as it relaxes to allow the movement to occur. The term _____ means that it resists the movement and creates tension and balance.
antagonist
Muscles that work together to create movement and can be found around a joint to balance movement. (like the elbow or rotator cuff)
synergists
term meaning the same side of the body
ipsilateral
term meaning the opposite side of the body
contralateral
