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Anatomy and Physiology > Basic Elements of Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Elements of Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Study of the structure of an organism

A

anatomy

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2
Q

study of the function of a living organism and its components

A

Physiology

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3
Q

5 systems of verbal communication

A

nervous, respiratory, articulatory-resonatory, auditory, phonatory

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4
Q

system that makes up the structures of the face, mouth, and nose

A

articulatory-resonatory

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5
Q

system that includes the larynx and resonatory system

A

phonatory system

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6
Q

______ ______ are often named by the insertion and origin of the tissue (where it begins and ends)

A

connective tissues

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7
Q

towards the head

A

superior/rostral

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8
Q

towards the feet

A

inferior/caudal

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9
Q

towards the body

A

proximal

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10
Q

away from the body

A

distal

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11
Q

towards the middle

A

medial

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12
Q

away from the middle/to the side

A

lateral

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13
Q

towards the front of the body

A

anterior/ventral

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14
Q

towards the back of the body

A

posterior/dorsal

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15
Q

dividing the body in left and right parts (between the eyes)

A

sagittal plane

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16
Q

dividing the body from front to back (cutting off whole face)

A

coronal plane

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17
Q

Divides the upper and lower parts (eyes in one half, mouth in the other)

A

Horizontal plane

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18
Q

term meaning “confined to the surface”

A

superficial

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19
Q

term meaning “closer to the central axis of the body”

A

deep

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20
Q

term meaning “lying on the belly”

A

prone

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21
Q

term meaning “lying on the back”

A

supine

22
Q

term meaning “chest region”

A

thorax

23
Q

term meaning “the region that houses the digestive organs”

A

abdomen

24
Q

term meaning “the combination of the thorax and the abdomen”

A

Trunk/torso

25
Q

four types of tissues

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

26
Q

The superficial layer of mucous membranes and the cells that make up the skin

A

epithelial tissue

27
Q

Binds together and supports tissues and organs - provides structure

A

Connective tissue

28
Q

type of connective tissue that includes areolar tissue (adipose and lymphoid) and fibrous tissue (binds structures together)

A

Connective Tissue Proper

29
Q

type of connective tissue that includes hyaline, fibrocartilage, and yellow (elastic) cartilage

A

cartilage

30
Q

type of connective tissue that does not contain tissue and has plasma and blood cells

A

blood

31
Q

the hardest form of connective tissue

A

bone

32
Q

Type of tissue that can contract

A

muscular tissue

33
Q

classification of muscular tissue that is attached to bones and allows movement

A

voluntary striated muscle (skeletal muscle)

34
Q

classification of muscular tissue located in various internal structures including the digestive tract, uterus, and arteries

A

Involuntary smooth muscle

35
Q

classification of muscular tissue that is specific to the heart

A

cardiac muscle

36
Q

Type of tissue that regulates and controls bodily functions and activity

A

nervous/neural tissue

37
Q

proves a protective barrier, keeping whatever it is covering from seeping out and foreign materials from getting in. lines nearly all the cavities of the body and the tubes that connect them

A

epithelial tissue

38
Q

hairlike projections that can cause currents or waves in fluids and can help to move things in the body

A

cilia

39
Q

Cilia may be present in what type of tissue

A

epithelial tissue

40
Q

epithelial tissues are generally classified by the shape of their cells into what 4 categories

A

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified

41
Q

term that means “membrane that surrounds organs”

A

fascia

42
Q

type of fascia that surrounds muscle

A

perimysium

43
Q

term for highly mobile joints, the cavities of which contain lubricating fluid and the bones of which are covered with hyaline cartilage.

A

synovial joints

44
Q

Muscles can shorten to about ___ of their length (contract)

A

half

45
Q

A muscle’s ____ is the point of attachment of least mobility

A

origin

46
Q

A muscle’s _____ is the point of the attachment that moves when a muscle contracts

A

insertion

47
Q

When you perform a bicep curl, the biceps will by the _____ as it contracts to produce the movement. The term _____ means “the primary mover”

A

agonist

48
Q

When you perform a bicep curl, the tricep will be the ______ as it relaxes to allow the movement to occur. The term _____ means that it resists the movement and creates tension and balance.

A

antagonist

49
Q

Muscles that work together to create movement and can be found around a joint to balance movement. (like the elbow or rotator cuff)

A

synergists

50
Q

term meaning the same side of the body

A

ipsilateral

51
Q

term meaning the opposite side of the body

A

contralateral

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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