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RAD 322 - Radiographic Contrast and Sectional Anatomy > Basic CT and Sectional Anatomy Overview > Flashcards

Basic CT and Sectional Anatomy Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Build, physique, and general shape of the human body.

A

Body habitus

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2
Q 
5% of body habitus
Short, wide trunk
Great weight with heavy skeletal framework
Diaphragm is high, short lung field
Stomach and gallbladder are high
Transverse colon is high
Obese
A

Hypersthenic

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3
Q 
50% (dominant habitus)
Moderately heavy
Lung and Diaphragm are moderately high
Stomach is high
Transverse colon is at a slight dip
A

Sthenic

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4
Q

35% of body habitus
Slender, falls between sthenic and asthenic
Moderate weight and skeletal framework
Lower alimentary tract

A

Hyposthenic

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5
Q

10% of body habitus
Build is frail
Organs are low lying, low the stomach and heart
Gallbladder is almost midline

A

Asthenic

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6
Q

2 types of bone

A

Compact bone

Spongy bone

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7
Q

Dense and homogeneous type of bone that forms the walls of bone

A

Compact bone

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8
Q

Type of bone composed of slender intertwined pieces of bone enclosing a space filled with non-bone tissue, found in the interior of normal bone

A

Spongy bone

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9
Q

4 planes of the body

A

Sagittal
Coronal
Axial, transverse, horizontal, or cross sectional plane
Oblique

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10
Q

Plane that runs down through the body, dividing the body into left and right portions

A

Sagittal

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11
Q

Plane that passes through the body and divides it into equal right and left halves

A

Midsagittal

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12
Q

Plane that runs perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into anterior and posterior (front and back) portions

A

Coronal

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13
Q

Plane that passes through the body and divides it into equal anterior and posterior halves

A

Midcoronal

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14
Q

Horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions

A

Axial, transverse, horizontal, or cross sectional plane

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15
Q

Plane that divides the body at an angle between the horizontal and vertical planes

A

Oblique

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16
Q

4 types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

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17
Q

Tissue that covers internal and external surfaces of the body, including lining of the vessels and organs, such as the stomach and intestines

A

Epithelial

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18
Q

Tissues that bind together and support the various structures
Adipose tissue, cartilage, bone

A

Connective

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19
Q

Tissues that make up the substance of a muscle

A

Muscular

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20
Q

Tissues that make up the substance of nerves and nerve centers

A

Nervous

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21
Q

13 systems of the human body

A 
Skeletal
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Respiratory
Urinary
Reproductive
Nervous
Muscular
Endocrine
Integumentary
Lymphatic
Immune
Articular
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22
Q

The bones of the body and their associated cartilages

Internal support of the body, protection of the body, and storage of minerals

A

Skeletal system

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23
Q

The blood, heart, and blood vessels
Distribution of oxygen and nutrients to the cells, carrying carbon dioxide and wastes from the cells, protection against disease, and regulation of body temperature

A

Cardiovascular system

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24
Q

A tubular passageway and associated organs like the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Elimination of solid wastes and physical and chemical breakdown of food for cell usage

A

Digestive system

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25
Q

The lungs and a series of passageways in and out of the lungs
Supplies oxygen, elimination of carbon dioxide, and regulation of body acid-base balance

A

Respiratory system

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26
Q

The organs of urine production, collection, and elimination
Regulation of blood chemical composition, elimination of wastes, and regulation of fluid/electrolyte balance and volume
Organs that collect urine, like kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

A

Urinary system

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27
Q 
The organs (testes and ovaries) for production of reproductive cells (sperm and ova) and organs for transportation and storage of those cells
Passage of genetic material from generation to generation
A

Reproductive system

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28
Q

The brain, the spinal cord, the nerves, and the sense organs (like eyes, ears)
Regulation of body activities through the generation and conductive transmission of nerve impulses

A

Nervous system

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29
Q

The muscle tissue of the body including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth contractile muscle
Movement and maintenance of body posture

A

Muscular system

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30
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Visceral or smooth
Cardiac

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31
Q

The glands and tissues of hormone production
Regulation of body activities through transportation of hormones by the blood vascular system
Ductless glands, like the testes, ovaries, pancreas, adrenals, thymus (important for the production of white blood cells), thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, and pituitary

A

Endocrine system

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32
Q

The skin, hair, nails, and sweat/oil glands

Regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, and external support of the body

A

Integumentary system

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33
Q

Lymph nodes, vessels, and ducts and glands
Return of protein and fluid to the blood vascular system, protection of white blood cells, and picks up fluids leaked from the capillaries and supports immune system

A

Lymphatic system

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34
Q

Lymphatic organs/tissue concerned with protection of the body from invasion of disease causing agents
Resistance to disease causing agents

A

Immune system

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35
Q

Joints and their associated ligaments

Flexible fibrous connective tissue at points of contact between bones or cartilage and bones

A

Articular system

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36
Q

How many primary bones compose the adult human skeleton?

A

206

37
Q

Supports and protects the head and trunk with 80 bones

A

Axial skeleton

38
Q

Allows the body to move in various positions with 126 bones

A

Appendicular skeleton

39
Q

2 parts of the skull and the number of bones in them

A

Cranium - 8

Facial Bones - 14

40
Q

5 parts of the axial skeleton

A 
Skull
Hyoid
Auditory
Vertebral column
Thorax
41
Q

5 parts of the vertebral column and the number of bones in them

A 
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 1 (fused 5)
Coccyx - 1 (fused 4)
42
Q

4 parts of the appendicular skeleton

A

Shoulder girdle
Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Pelvic girdle

43
Q

2 parts of the shoulder girdle

A

Clavicles (2)

Scapula (2)

44
Q

6 auditory bones

A

Stapes (2)
Incus (2)
Malleus (2)

45
Q

6 parts of the upper limbs and how many bones are in them

A 
Humerus - 2
Ulna - 2
Radius - 2
Carpals - 16
Metacarpals - 10
Phalanges - 28
46
Q

Two hip bones

A

Pelvic girdle

47
Q

7 parts of the lower limbs and how many bones are in them

A 
Femur - 2
Tibias - 2
Fibula - 2
Patella - 2
Tarsals - 14
Metatarsals - 10
Phalanges - 28
48
Q

8 carpal bones

A 
Trapezoid/Lesser Multangular
Trapezium/Greater Multangular
Scaphoid/Navicular
Capitate/Os Magnum
Lunate/Semilunar
Triquetral/Triangular/Triquetrum
Pisiform/Lentiform
Hamate/Unciform
49
Q

7 tarsal bones

A 
Medial cuneiform
Intermediate cuneiform
Lateral cuneiform
Cuboid
Talus
Calcaneus aka heel bone (Os Calcis)
Navicular/scaphoid
50
Q

A broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body

A

Interosseous membrane

51
Q

Ridge on the femur that gives attachment to the pectineus muscle

A

Pectineal line

52
Q

Ridge on the femur that gives attachment to the gluteus maximus

A

Gluteal tuberosity

53
Q

A ridge on the femur that is important for the adductor muscles

A

Linea aspera

54
Q

3 functional types of joints

A

Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis

55
Q

Immovable joints

Ex: cranial sutures

A

Synarthrosis

56
Q

Joints with limited movement

Ex: roots of teeth

A

Amphiarthrosis

57
Q

Freely moveable joint

Ex: knee joint

A

Diarthrosis

58
Q

4 classifications of bones

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

59
Q

Bones that are longer than they are wide

All bones of the limbs except for the wrist and ankle bones

A

Long bones

60
Q

Cube-shaped bones that are found in the wrist and ankle of the limbs

A

Short bones

61
Q

Thin, flat and often curved bones that include some bones of the skull, the ribs and the sternum

A

Flat bones

62
Q

Bones that do not fit conveniently into any category according to their shape

A

Irregular

63
Q

Bones that develop in some tendons in locations where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress
These bones include: on the 1st metatarsal, on the 1st metacarpal, the pisiform bone on the carpals, and patella

A

Sesamoid bones

64
Q

6 types of joint movement

A 
Gliding
Hinge
Pivot
Ellipsoid/condyloid
Saddle
Ball and socket
65
Q

Sliding motion back and forth or side to side
Because they are bound by ligaments, they may not allow movement in all directions
Ex: intercarpal joints of the wrist or intertarsals joints of the foot

A

Gliding

66
Q

Permit flexion and extension
A convex portion of one bone fits into a concave portion of another
Example: elbow, knee

A

Hinge

67
Q

Allows rotational movement around a single axis of the 1st bone around the 2nd
A rounded portion of one bone fits into a groove in another bone
Example: head of the radius which rotates within a groove of the ulna; atlas and axis (atlas rotates around the dens of the axis and allows the head to rotate to either side)

A

Pivot

68
Q

Permit flexion and extension AND abduction and adduction AND circumduction
Ex: radiocarpal joint of the wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints of the hand

A

Ellipsoid/condyloid

69
Q

Like the ellipsoid joint except the two saddle-like structures fit into each other and allows greater freedom of movement
Ex: first carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, this is the only one

A

Saddle

70
Q

Allows the greatest freedom of motion, adds lateral and medial rotation to the ellipsoid
The spherical head of one bone fits into a concave “socket” of another bone
Ex: hip joint or shoulder joint; the only two

A

Ball and socket

71
Q

Lying on back

A

Supine

72
Q

Lying on stomach

A

Prone

73
Q

Standing

A

Erect

74
Q

Lying down in any position, (prone, supine, lateral…)

A

Recumbent

75
Q

Head is lower than the feet

A

Trendelenburg

76
Q

Lying on left anterior side with the left leg extended and right knee and thigh partially flexed, used in a modified version for BE

A

Sims

77
Q

Head is higher than the feet

A

Fowlers

78
Q

Supine position, with knees and hips flexed and thighs abducted and rotated externally, supported by ankle supports
Used in HSG

A

Lithotomy

79
Q

Outward stress movement

A

Eversion

80
Q

Inward stress movement

A

Inversion

81
Q

Movement forward; gliding motion anteriorly

Ex: scapulae, mandible

A

Protraction

82
Q

Movement backward; moves structure back to anatomic position or even further posteriorly
Ex: scapulae, mandible

A

Retraction

83
Q

Lifting, raising, or movement of a part superiorly

A

Elevation

84
Q

Letting down, lowering, or moving a part inferiorly

A

Depression

85
Q

Circular movement of a limb

A

Circumduction

86
Q

Flexion or bending the foot toward the leg

A

Dorsiflexion

87
Q

Flexion or bending the foot downward toward the sole

A

Plantar flexion

88
Q

Turning away from the regular standard or course

A

Deviation

89
Q

Where the contents of the esophagus empty into the stomach

A

Cardia

RAD 322 - Radiographic Contrast and Sectional Anatomy (8 decks)

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