BASIC CONCEPTS ON LABORATORY BIOSAFETY AND BIOSECURITY

Question 1

What year is this?
Other contributors outside the United States included Arnold Wedum who described the use of mechanical pipettors to prevent laboratory-acquired infections.

Answer 1

1907 and 1908

Question 2

What year is this?
A pharmaceutical company in Pennsylvania developed a ventilated cabinet to prevent infection from mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Answer 2

1909

Question 3

This was effective before because it could spread easily since there were no cures for this type of disease and no preventive measures.

Answer 3

Biological Weapon

Question 4

What year is this?
Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity traces its history in North America and Western Europe.

Answer 4

1942

Question 5

The origin of biosafety is rooted in the?

Answer 5

US biological weapon program.

Question 6

_____________ became the first scientific director of Camp Detrick (which eventually became Fort Detrick), and was tasked with establishing the biological weapons program for the purposes of enabling the United States to respond if attacked by such weapons.

Answer 6

Ira L. Baldwin

Question 7

After _______, Camp Detrick was designated a permanent installation for biological research and World War.

Answer 7

WW2

Question 8

What year is this?
Arnold Wedum, director of Industrial Health and Safety at the US Army Biological Research Laboratories, was recognized as one of the pioneers of biosafety that provided the foundation for evaluating the risks of handling infectious microorganisms and for recognizing biological hazards and developing practices, equipment, and facility safeguards for their control.

Answer 8

1944

Question 9

What year is this?
Wedum and microbiologist Morton Reitman, colleagues at Fort Detrick, analyzed multiple epidemiological studies of laboratory-based outbreaks.

Answer 9

1966

Question 10

What year is this?
At the height of increasing mortality and morbidity due to smallpox, WHO aggressively pursued the eradication of the virus (College of Physicians of Philadelphia 2014).

Answer 10

1967

Question 11

What year is this?
The US government enacted th Select Agent Regulation to monitor the transfer of a select list of biological agents from one facility to another.

Answer 11

1996

Question 12

What year is this?
Terrorist attacks and anthrax attacks also known as Amerithrax.

Answer 12

2001

Question 13

Anthrax happens by ___________, they put the microorganism there so when it is opened the person would inhale it and it will spread.

Answer 13

snail mail

Question 14

The ___________________ then required specific security measures for any facility in the United States that used or stored one or more agents on the new, longer list of agents (Bioterorism).

Answer 14

Revised Select Agent Regulations

Question 15

Other Countries also relatively implemented and prescribed biosecurity regulations for bioscience facilities.

Answer 15

Singapore’s Biological Agents and Toxins Act (Republic of Singapore 2005) - same scope with US regulations but with more severe penalties for noncompliance.

South Korea: Act on Prevention of Infectious Diseases in 2005 - amended to require institutions that work with listed “highly dangerous pathogens” to implement laboratory biosafety and biosecurity requirements to prevent the loss, theft, diversion, release, or misuse of these agents.

Japan: Infectious Disease Control Law - recently amended under Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare.

Question 16

What year is this
The Danish Parliament passed a law that gives the Minister of Health and Prevention the authority to regulate the possession, manufacture, use, storage,sale,purchase,or other transfer, distribution, transport, and disposal of listed biological agents.

Answer 16

2008

Question 17

When is this?
The Office of the President promulgated E.O. 514 establishing the National Biosafety Framework (NBF), which prescribes the guidelines for its implementation, strengthening the National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines.

Answer 17

March 17,2006

Question 18

When is this?
The NPF is a combination of policy, legal, administrative, and technical instruments developed to attain the objective of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety which the Philippines signed.

Answer 18

May 24, 2000

Question 19

a regional professional society for biosafety and biosecurity founded in 1984. Promotes biosafety and provides guidance to its members on the regulatory regime.

Answer 19

American Biological Safety Association (ABSA)

Question 20

a group founded in 2005 that acts as a professional society for biosecurity professionals in the Asia-Pacific region. Members: Singapore, Brunei, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines.

Answer 20

Asia-Pacific Biosafety Association (A-PBA)

Question 21

a non-profit organization founded in June 1996. Aims to provide a forum for discussions and debates on issues of concern.

Answer 21

European Biological Safety Association (EBSA)

Question 22

created by a multidisciplinary team with members coming from the health and education sectors. National Laboratory Biosafety and Biosecurity Action Plan Task Force established as per DPO No. 2006-2500 dated September 15, 2006. A long term goal of the association is to assist the DA and DOH in their efforts to create a national policy and implement a plan for laboratory biosafety and biosecurity.

Answer 22

Philippine Biosafety and Biosecurity Association (PhBBA)

Question 23

a non-government and a non-profit association that works to serve the emergent concerns of biological risk management in various professional fields such as in the health, agriculture, and technology sectors. Tagline: “assess, mitigate, monitor.”

Answer 23

Biological Risk Association Philippines (BRAP)

Question 24

The WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual (LBM) defines _________ as “the containment principles, technologies, and practices that are implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins of their accidental release.”

Answer 24

biosafety

Question 25

___________ refers to “the protection, control, and accountability for valuable biological materials within laboratories, in order to prevent their unauthorized access, loss, theft, misuse, diversions, or intentional release” (WHO, 2006).

Answer 25

Biosecurity

Question 26

In 1966, _____________, an environmental health engineer working for the Dow Chemical Company containment systems products, created the biohazard symbol.

Answer 26

Charles Baldwin,

Question 27

Classifications of Microorganisms According to Risk Groups is based on the?

Answer 27

agent’s pathogenicity
mode of transmission
host range
the availability of preventative measures and effective treatment.

Question 28

What Risk Group is this?
Unlikely to cause human or animal disease; low individual and community risk.

Answer 28

Rick Group 1

Question 29

Examples of Risk Group 1

Answer 29

e-coli and normal flora

Question 30

What Risk Group is this?
Unlikely to be a significant risk to laboratory workers and the community; moderate individual risk and limited community risk.

Answer 30

Risk Group 2

Question 31

Examples of Risk Group 2

Answer 31

Salmonella and Hepa-B

Question 32

What Risk Group is this?
Cause serious diseases to humans or anima;s; high individual risk, and limited to moderate community risk.

Answer 32

Risk Group 3

Question 33

Examples of Risk Group 3?

Answer 33

TB and other gastrointestinal diseases

Question 34

What Risk Group is this?
produce life-threatening diseases to humans or animals; high individual and community risk; no known cure.

Answer 34

Risk Group 4

Question 35

Example of Risk Group 4

Answer 35

Ebola

Question 36

involves viable microorganism; known not to cause disease in humans; examples are Bacillus, subtilis, Naegleria gruberi, infectious canine hepatitis virus; undergraduate and secondary educational training and teaching laboratories; basic laboratory safety practices, safety equipment, ad facility design that requires basics level of containment.

Answer 36

Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1)

Question 37

indigenous moderate-risk agents (occurring naturally); example are Hepatitis B virus, HIV, salmonellae, and Toxoplasma; work is done with human blood, body fluid, tissues, or primary human cell lines where there is uncertain presence of infectious agents; procedures where infectious aerosols or splashes may be created.

Answer 37

Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2)

Question 38

primary and secondary barriers in the protection; indigenous or exotic agents with a potential for respiratory transmission, and that may cause serious and potentially lethal infection; examples are Mycobacterium tuberculosis, St. Louis encephalitis virus,and Coxiella; needs a secondary barrier such as a biosafety cabinet.

Answer 38

Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3)

Question 39

dangerous and exotic agents that pose high individual risks of life-threatening diseases; examples are Marburg or the Crimean-COngo hemorrhagic fever. A BSL-4 laboratory is generally a separate building or completely isolated zone with specialized ventilation requirements and waste management systems.

Answer 39

Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4)