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Pathophysiology > Basic Concepts & Applications > Flashcards

Basic Concepts & Applications Flashcards

1
Q

study of functions & processes that occur in body

A

Physiology

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2
Q

Study of underlying changes in body physiology that result from injury or illness

A

Pathophysiology

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3
Q

Maintenance of normal body conditions

A

Homeostasis

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4
Q

Return to homeostasis after being challenged by a stressor

A

Compensation

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5
Q

Failure of the body’s ability to appropriately meet the challenges of a stressor

A

Decompensation

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6
Q

Harmful condition of the body/mind

A

disease

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7
Q

Disturbance in the healthiness of the body

A

disorder

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8
Q

A collection of symptoms

A

syndrome

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9
Q

Factors that contribute to/increase probability that a dz will occur

A

risk factor

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10
Q

Condition or event that triggers a pathologic event or disorder

A

precipitating factor

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11
Q

Compensation is achieved by:

A

compensatory/control mechanisms

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12
Q

Normal ABG value for HCO3

A

22-26 mEq/L

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13
Q

Normal ABG value for pH:

A

7.35-7.45

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14
Q

Normal ABG value for pCO2

A

35-45

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15
Q

Normal ABG value for pO2

A

80-100

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16
Q

Normal ABG value for SaO2:

A

97-100%

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17
Q

Normal fasting blood sugar:

A

70-99 mg/dL

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18
Q

Normal urinary output:

A

> 30 cc/hr

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19
Q

The cause of a dz

A

etiology

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20
Q

dz with unidentifiable cause

A

idiopathic

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21
Q

problem that occurs as result of medical treatment

A

iatrogenic

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22
Q

problems resulting as consequence of being in a hospital environment

A

nosocomial

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23
Q

Subjective manifestations of a dz

A

symptoms

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24
Q

objective manifestations of a dz

A

signs

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25
Q

basic definition of shock:

A

low BP + S/S of hypo-perfusion

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26
Q

Aftermath of a dz (usually negative conotation)

A

sequela

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27
Q

to provoke or make worse

A

exacerbate

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28
Q

Any influence that can cause congenital defects

A

teratogen

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29
Q

Abnormalities that can be detected at birth or attributed to fetal development

A

congenital defects

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30
Q

Type of genetic disorder that results from alterations to the number or structure of a chromosome

A

chromosomal disorders/abberations

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31
Q

Alterations to NUMBERS of chromosomes

A

aneuploidy

32
Q

22 pairs of chromosomes not responsible for sex traits

A

autosomal chromosomes

33
Q

Partner genes have the same ___ on each respective chromosome

A

locus

34
Q

Partner genes that code for the same trait

A

Alleles

35
Q

Combination of environmental triggers and variations/mutations of genes that cause improper coding

A

multifactorial genetic disorders

36
Q

“Teratogenic” is interchangeable with the term ___

A

congenital

37
Q

Deletion, duplication, or rearrangement of gene sites is called:

A

translocation

38
Q

___ are usually due to an inherited mutated gene

A

single gene disorders

39
Q

Patterns of single gene disorders

A

autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sex-linked

40
Q

___ occurs when a mutated recessive gene partners up with an allele that is also mutated

A

autosomal recessive disorder

41
Q

A person that has the S&S caused by the genotype is said to have the ___

A

phenotype

42
Q

Mutated gene codes for misshapen RBCs > RBCs clog capillaries > ischemic pain , S&S of SOB, weakness, fatigue = ___

A

sickle cell anemia

43
Q

A person with a ____ genotype will be a carrier of the dz even if they do not “have” the dz themselves

A

heterozygous

44
Q

___ genotype occurs when the dominant gene codes for the dz characteristic

A

autosomal dominant

45
Q

___ dz’s are caused baby a recessive allele that is always located only on a X chromosome

A

x-linked recessive

46
Q

A female who inherits a diseased recessive gene will not have the dz because:

A

the other X chromosome will protect from coding for that dz

47
Q

Cells depend on energy in the form of ___

A

ATP

48
Q

State of greater than normal concentration of acidic substances in the body

A

acidosis

49
Q

In hypoxic states, the body has to cycle back through ___ to produce ATPs

A

glycolysis

50
Q

Anaerobic metabolism causes an accumulation of ___

A

pyruvate

51
Q

If intake of food is greater than the body’s needs, the excess is stored in the form of ___ in the ___

A

glycogen; liver

52
Q

Process of converting excess glucose to glycogen

A

glycogenesis

53
Q

Breaking down glycogen is called ___

A

glycogenolysis

54
Q

The next step in the body’s “backup plan” for cellular energy

A

gluconeogenesis

55
Q

Gluconeogenesis causes ___ to be broken down for energy

A

fats and proteins

56
Q

Breakdown product of gluconeogenesis

A

ketones

57
Q

DM1 PTs rely on ___ for cellular energy production

A

gluconeogenesis

58
Q

___ begins the metabolic pathway

A

glucose

59
Q

Beriberi is a deficiency in ___

A

thaimine (vitamin B1)

60
Q

RMP of -60mV is said to be ___polarized

A

hypo

61
Q

Low calcium causes cell membranes to become ___ permeable to Na+

A

more

62
Q

Kypokalemia & hyponatremia causes cells to become ___polarized

A

hyper

63
Q

Normal blood pH range

A

7.35-7.45

64
Q

Normal blood HCO3 range

A

22-26

65
Q

___ compensate for metabolic acidosis

A

the lungs

66
Q

___ compensate for respiratory acidosis

A

the kidneys

67
Q

Low pH and low HCO3 indicate ___

A

metabolic acidosis

68
Q

In a state of respiratory acidosis, HCO3 values will be ___

A

normal

69
Q

Decrease in cell size due to less-than-favorable conditions

A

atrophy

70
Q

Increase in cell size due to synthesis of more subcellular components

A

hypertrophy

71
Q

Increase in actual number of cells in a tissue or organ leading to increased tissue/organ size

A

hyperplasia

72
Q

An alteration in cell shape, size, or organization, usually in epithelial cells due to chronic inflammation or irritation

A

dysplasia

73
Q

Irreversible cellular adaptation where mature cells are replaced by another type of adult cell

A

metaplasia

74
Q

Total body fluid loss of ___% in adults can lead to alterations in homeostasis

A

30%

75
Q

A hypertonic solution has a relatively higher ___ pressure

A

osmotic

76
Q

Excess fluid trapped in body tissues:

A

edema

77
Q

Most common form of edema

A

peripheral

Pathophysiology (7 decks)

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