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Physiology > Basic cells > Flashcards

Basic cells Flashcards

1
Q

Only one of the properties listed below
characteristic of excitable tissues (e.g. nerves, muscles):
A. the cell membrane is electrically polarized.
B. the concentration of ions on both sides of the cell membrane from each other
different.
C. rapid and transient nature of the Na-permeability of the membrane
change can occur.
D. has an active transport mechanism.
E. their operation can be influenced by electric current.

A

C. rapid and transient nature of the Na-permeability of the membrane
change can occur.

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2
Q

It is characteristic of excitable tissues that
A. they have a resting membrane potential, the interior of the cells
negative compared to the outer surface.
B. the concentration of intracellular Na in the cells is higher than that of K.
The ion-permeability of C.’s membrane is temporary, for a short time
changes when the membrane is hyperpolarized.
D. their excitability increases if the membrane is hyperpolarized.
E. as a result of the action potential-triggering stimulus, the K perme-
ability increases.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: THE CORRECT!

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3
Q

Which of the phenomena listed below is not characteristic of a
for facilitated diffusion?
A. saturation.
B. blockability with metabolic inhibitors.
C. specificity.
D. takes place in the direction of the electrochemical gradient.
E. competitive inhibition.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

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3
Q

Which of the phenomena listed below is not characteristic of a
for facilitated diffusion?
A. saturation.
B. blockability with metabolic inhibitors.
C. specificity.
D. takes place in the direction of the electrochemical gradient.
E. competitive inhibition.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

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4
Q

Which of the phenomena listed below is not characteristic is active
for transport?
A. saturation.
B. blockability with metabolic inhibitors.
C. specificity.
D. takes place in the direction of the electrochemical gradient.
E. competitive inhibition.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

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4
Q

Which of the phenomena listed below is not characteristic is active
for transport?
A. saturation.
B. blockability with metabolic inhibitors.
C. specificity.
D. takes place in the direction of the electrochemical gradient.
E. competitive inhibition.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

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5
Q

Which transport processes are characterized by the phenomenon of saturation?
A. active transport and passive diffusion
B. active transport and facilitated diffusion
C. facilitated diffusion and passive transport
D. active transport
E. is typical for all types of transport

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

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6
Q

Which of the following transport processes cannot be used?
block with metabolic inhibitors?
A. absorption of glucose in the intestine
B. release of Na+ from muscle cells
C. oxygen uptake by red blood cells
D. K+ uptake by neurons
E. absorption of amino acids in the intestine

A

The letter of the correct answer is: C CORRECT!

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7
Q

It determines the permeability of a given material
The solubility of A
The molecular weight of B
C. electric charge
D. all three factors above play a decisive role
E. none of the listed factors play a decisive role

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

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8
Q

Increasing the K+ concentration of the extracellular space the cell membrane
A. depolarizes
B. hyperpolarizes it
C. does not change the value of the membrane potential

A

The letter of the correct answer is: THE CORRECT!

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9
Q

By reducing the extracellular Na+ concentration, the skeletal muscle cell
membrane
A. by decreasing the Na+ concentration in direct proportion
depolarizes.
B. by decreasing the Na+ concentration in direct proportion
becomes hyperpolarized.
C. does not change until a certain threshold concentration is reached, then
strongly depolarizes.
D. does not change until a certain threshold concentration is reached, then
strongly hyperpolarizes.
E. does not change significantly.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: E CORRECT!

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10
Q

By reducing the extracellular Na+ concentration, the action potential amplitude
A. decreases proportionally with the decrease in Na+ concentration.
B. increases proportionally with the decrease in Na+ concentration.
C. does not change until a certain threshold concentration is reached, then
strongly decreases.
D. does not change until a certain threshold concentration is reached, then
powerful woman.
E. does not change.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: THE CORRECT!

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11
Q

By increasing the extracellular K concentration, the skeletal muscle cell
membrane
A. The K-conc. is depolarized in direct proportion to
B. It hyperpolarizes in direct proportion to K-conc.
C. does not change until a certain threshold concentration is reached, then
strongly depolarizes.
D. does not change until a certain threshold concentration is reached, then
strongly hyperpolarizes.
E. does not change.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: THE CORRECT!

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12
Q

In maintaining the physiological intracellular ion concentration which
factor plays a role?
A. the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium
B. active transport
C. membrane permeability conditions
D. the three factors mentioned above together
E. other factors not mentioned

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

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13
Q

Biphasic action potential with two different electrodes then
we can register if
A. one of the recording electrodes is located intracellularly.
B. both recording electrodes are located extracellularly
and both are in contact with the surface membrane of the cell.
C. both recording electrodes are located extracellularly
and one is in contact with the surface membrane of the cell the other
and sinks into the external fluid space.
D. both recording electrodes are located extracellularly
and both are immersed in the external fluid space.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

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14
Q

When conducting an action potential, the two differential registers
electrode is placed on the intact membrane surface,
A. the action potential curve is monophasic.
B. the action potential curve is biphasic.
C. action potential cannot be derived.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

15
Q

Which of the following statements is not typical?
to the catelectrotone
A. The “all or nothing” law does not apply to it.
When B. is applied, the membrane is depolarized.
C. the magnitude of the resulting depolarization from the toning electrode
moving away unchanged.
D. creates a catelectrotonic action potential of sufficient magnitude.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: C CORRECT!

16
Q

FIND THE SINGLE WRONG ANSWER!
The equilibrium potential of any ion
A. is the membrane potential value that balances the corresponding ion
driving force from the concentration gradient.
B. depends on the ratio of external and internal ion concentrations.
C. the potential value that the membrane potential would reach if a
membrane would be freely permeable to the given ion.
D. would be zero if the concentration gradient of the given ion was reversed.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

17
Q

FIND THE SINGLE WRONG ĆLLITĆ!
Electrotonic potential changes
A. they do not follow the all or nothing law.
B. their amplitude is independent of the strength of the stimulus.
C. a refractory phase does not occur in connection with their completion.
D. they decrease moving away from the place of stimulation.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

18
Q

FIND THE SINGLE WRONG ĆLLITĆ!
The rheobase
A. belonging to one point of the stress-duration curve
voltage value.
B. the voltage corresponding to the chronaxia on the voltage-duration curve
half value.
C. the minimum voltage required to trigger an action potential
value.
D. belonging to the double chronaxia on the voltage-duration curve
voltage value.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

19
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

The electrotonic potential change
1. does not follow the all or nothing law.
2. it spreads farther on a thinner axon than on a thicker one.
3. its nature can be both hyper- and depolarization.
4. can only be triggered on excitable tissue.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

20
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct
It can be the driving force during passive transport
1. concentration difference.
2. electric force field.
3. hydrostatic pressure difference.
4. osmotic pressure difference.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: E CORRECT!

21
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

What factors ensure the living cell low intracellular
Na+ concentration?
1. Low Na+ permeability of the cell membrane.
2. Equilibrium potential for Na+.
3. Operation of the Na+ pump.
4. The repulsive effect of the positive charges of the high internal K+ concentration.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

22
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

Conditions for maintaining the membrane potential:
1. the membrane must be impermeable.
2. through anabolic metabolism continuously
supplied energy.
3. there should be no non-ionized molecules in the extracellular space.
4. appropriate direction and size in relation to permeable ions
a concentration gradient should exist.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

23
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

The cell membrane and the intra- and
a system consisting of extracellular spaces for a given ion
is in equilibrium when
1. the membrane potential is zero.
2. the given ion does not pass from one side to the other.
3. the concentration work for the given ion is zero.
4. the electro-chemical potential for the given ion is zero.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

24
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

The action potential
1. At its peak potential approaches the Na+ equilibrium potential value
2. repolarization phase of the increased Na- and increased K-conductance.
3. follows the all or nothing law.
4. on fibers with a myelin sheath, only the part covered with a myelin sheath
can be exchanged under

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

25
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

If an action is triggered on a membrane at rest
potential, followed by the completion of the absolute refractory period
directly after , we trigger a second one, then
1. the minimum stimulus required to trigger the second is greater than
as long as it took to replace the first one.
2. the value of the peak potential of the first is greater than that of the second.
3. the second take-off slope is lower than the first.
4. the change of K-conductance during the second action potential
bigger.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: THE CORRECT!

26
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

It follows the ascending stem of the neuron’s action potential
responsible for repolarization
1. inactivation of Na channels.
2. increased functioning of the Na-pump.
3. activation of K-channels.
4. the increased intracellular Na+ concentration.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: B CORRECT!

27
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

Spread of action potential
1. slower on thicker fibers.
2. faster on fibers with higher membrane resistance.
3. slower on fibers with a medullary sheath.
4. can be suspended with local anesthetics.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: C CORRECT!

28
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

The myelin sheath of the nerve fiber
1. prevents saltatory driving.
2. reduces the conduction velocity of the stimulus.
3. usually found on thinner nerve fibers.
4. accelerates the speed of impulse conduction.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: D CORRECT!

29
Q

ANSWER USING THE KEY BELOW:
A. if statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct
B. if statements 1 and 3 are correct
C. if statements 2 and 4 are correct
D. if statement 4 is correct
E. if all statements are correct

Saltatoric leadership
1. characteristic only of neurons with myelin sheaths.
2. faster than non-saltatoric driving.
3. with local anesthetics applied in the area of the node of Ranvier
can be suspended.
4. its speed is inversely proportional to the action potential
with its amplitude.

A

The letter of the correct answer is: THE CORRECT!

Physiology (6 decks)

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